User:AurelienPrat/sandbox

Ice Pigging is the process in which an ice slurry is pumped into a pipe and forced along inside in order to remove sediment and other unwanted deposits to leave the pipe clean. It has many applications in the water, sewage and food industries as well as many other developing applications. The University of Bristol has held many laboratory trials to investigate various key factors and refine the process. Ice Pigging was invented and patented by Professor Joe Quarini of the University of Bristol.

Aqualogy Environment Limited hold the global license for the ice pigging technique and are introducing the process around the world.

Effectiveness
The Ice Pigging method occupies a ‘middle ground’ between two of the traditional methods of cleaning pipes ; that of ‘flushing’, which involves pumping high velocity water through pipes in order to carry away residue, and pigging, forcing a solid object through the pipe to push away any loose material. Ice Pigging utilises the main principles behind these two methods, whilst avoiding the major pitfalls associated with each. An ice-water slurry, typically between 50 and 90% ice fraction is introduced to and removed from pipes with little complication, provided the presence of suitable hydrants and valves. The high ice fraction, lends several attributes which are particularly appealing for application in pigging; It is able to hold itself together under continuous shear. It can not become stuck (unlike solid ‘pigs’) because given enough time it will just melt and be carried away. It is fairly inexpensive to make. It leaves the pipe walls themselves undamaged, and only removes waste residue. Because Ice Pigging is a relatively quick process (when compared to alternative methods) it is a very un-intrusive method of cleaning underground pipes, and usual service is not disrupted for long periods of time.

Environmental Impacts
The amount of water saved and the ease of disposing of the ice after the cleaning process are two major advantages of Ice Pigging over other flushing or pigging techniques. Unfortunately Ice Pigging Requires more energy to carry out the cleaning process due to the fact the ice slurries must be chilled and constantly agitated up until the point they are inserted into the pipes.

Research and Development
The University of Bristol have produced a paper entitled "Investigation and development of an innovative pigging technique for the water supply industry." in which they have detailed the research that they have carried out. It looks particularly at how the properties of the ice pig behave with different ice fractions and varied levels of particulate loading as well as looking into the effects of shear strength, viscosity and heat transfer characteristics. The paper can be found here.

Advantages

 * The Ice Pig is inserted into the pipe in a semi liquid form and can adapt to the topography of the pipes as well as large changes in diameter.
 * Ice Pigging doesn't require expensive excavation or preliminary treatment because it can be inserted into a pipe through existing access points whatever their diameter and then expand to the size required. Likewise the ice will exit the pipe with ease through any fire hydrant.
 * Ice Pigging uses less water than traditional pipe cleaning methods. The Pig is pushed through the pipe using just one pipe volume of water and then the pipe is flushed for a short period returning the water quality to it's usual limits typically using 1/4 to 1/2 of the pipe volume, Total water usage is therefore typically 1.5 times the volume of the pipe to be cleaned.
 * The Ice Pigging process can be used in pipes of any material and will not damage the internal structure of the pipe.
 * The Ice Pigging process takes less time than traditional pigging methods and can be operated by fewer people reducing labour costs.
 * Ice Pigging is a low risk technique and minimal enabling works are required to insert the ice and remove it.

Costs
Ice Pigging doesn't require expensive excavation or preliminary treatment so the initial investment is significantly reduced. Disposal of the ice pig after works have been completed is simple but small costs will be incurred in hiring a waste disposal tanker. Ice Pigging is often very good value for money as it leaves the pipes far cleaner than alternative methods.