User:Avazina/United States Constitution (Idealized)

 The Constitution of the United States (Idealized) We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article. I.
'''Section. 1.''' All legislative Powers herein delegated shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. '''Section. 2.''' 1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. 2) No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen for at least 2 years. 3) Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 4) When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. 5) The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment; excepting that any judicial or other Federal officer, resident and acting solely within the limits of any State, may be impeached by a vote of two-thirds of the Legislature thereof. '''Section. 3.''' 1) The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen for six years by the Legislature thereof, at the regular session next immediately preceding the commencement of the term of service; and each Senator shall have one vote. 2) Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. 3) No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 4) The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. 5) The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. 6) The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. 7) Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States and receiving a Federal Pension or Annuity for his service: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law. Section. 4. 1) The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. 2) The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the third day in January, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. 3) The terms of Senators and Representatives shall end at noon on the third day of January, and the terms of their successors shall then begin. '''Section. 5.''' 1) Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. 2) Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. 3) Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. 4) Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. '''Section. 6.''' 1) The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be paid out of the Treasury of their respective State as the Legislature thereof shall determine. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. 2) No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. Congress shall grant to the heads of the Executive Departments a seat upon the floor of either house with the privilege of debating measures pertaining to their department, but shall not vote. 3) No Senator or Representative shall serve in their respective house for more than eighteen years. Senators may be recalled and replaced, for any reason, by their respective State Legislature before the conclusion of their term. Section. 7. 1) All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Furthermore, Bills having the force of Law, except proposed amendments to this Constitution, shall pertain to one subject, which shall be stated in the Bill’s title. All proposed amendments to this Constitution having passed both Houses of Congress according the terms of Article V of this Constitution shall not be subject to the President’s approval or disapproval. 2) Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States: If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration three fourths of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by three fourths of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. 3) The President of the United States may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill. In such case he shall, in signing the bill, designate the appropriations disapproved; and shall return a copy of such appropriations with his objections to the Congress; and the same proceedings shall then be had as in case of other bills disapproved by the President. 4) No money shall be drawn from the Federal Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law, and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. And all bills appropriating money shall specify, in Federal currency, the exact amount of each appropriation, and the purposes for which it is made, and the Congress shall grant no extra compensation to any public contractor, officer, agent or servant, after such contract shall have been made or such service rendered. 5) The Congress shall appropriate no money from the Federal Treasury, except by a vote of two thirds of both houses of Congress, taken by yeas and nays, unless it be asked and estimated for by some one of the heads of the Executive Departments and submitted to the Congress by the President, or for the purpose of paying its own expenses and contingencies. 6) No bills, appropriating money, shall be approved by the Congress whereby an accumulation of debt would occur, except in times of rebellion, insurrection, invasion, when war has been declared, or to provide relief for victims of a natural catastrophe, but any such debt shall be discharged within ten years after its initiation. This clause shall not be subject to amending as described in Article V of this Constitution. 7) Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. 8) Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of both Houses of Congress and approval of the President may be necessary, shall not exempt any member of Congress, if such Order, Resolution or Vote shall affect the Citizens of the United States as a whole or in part. 9) Any Censure of the President or Vice President that is proposed by either House of Congress shall be approved by two thirds of both Houses before it shall have any force. A Censure shall not be subject to the approval or disapproval of the President of the United States. Section. 8. 1) Any report submitted to Congress pursuant to Article II, Section 5 of this Constitution shall be transmitted to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the Senate on the same calendar day. Each report so transmitted shall be referred to the pre-designated committee in each House for appropriate action. If, when the report is submitted, the Congress has adjourned sine die or has adjourned for any period in excess of three calendar days, the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate, if they deem it advisable (or if petitioned by at least one-fifth of the membership of their respective Houses) shall jointly request the President to convene Congress in order that it may consider the report and take appropriate action pursuant to this section. 2) Within sixty calendar days after a report is submitted or is required to be submitted to Congress pursuant to Article II, Section 5 of this Constitution, whichever is earlier, the President shall terminate any use of land and naval forces with respect to which such report was submitted (or required to be submitted), unless the Congress; shall have declared war or has enacted a specific authorization for such use of land and naval forces; shall have extended by law such sixty-day period, or shall be physically unable to meet as a result of an armed attack upon the United States. Such sixty-day period shall be extended for not more than an additional thirty days if the President determines and certifies to the Congress in writing that unavoidable military necessity respecting the safety of land and naval forces requires the continued use of such armed forces in the course of bringing about a prompt removal of such forces. 3) Notwithstanding part 2 of this section, at any time that land and naval forces are engaged in hostilities outside the territory of the United States, its possessions and territories without a declaration of war or specific statutory authorization, such forces shall be removed by the President if the Congress so directs by concurrent resolution. Section. 9. 1) The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; 2) To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; 3) To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; 4) To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; 5) To fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; 6) To print Money and mint Coinage for the payment of all debts, public and private, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin; but neither this, nor any other clause contained in this Constitution, shall ever be construed to grant to the Congress, or any department, agency, bureau, commission or service, the power to delegate the printing of money or minting of coinage to any private or semi-private/public entity. The sole responsibility for the printing of money and minting of coinage rests with the Federal Treasury. All Federal currency shall be based on gold, silver and any other precious metal; 7) To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Money and Coin of the United States; 8) To establish Post Offices and post Roads; 9) To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; 10) To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; 11) To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; 12) To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; 13) To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; 14) To provide and maintain a Navy; 15) To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; 16) To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; 17) To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; 18) To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And 19) To provide for the actual enumeration of the citizens of the United States and of the several States which may be included within this Union; but no enumeration shall demand information from the citizens which extends beyond simply enumerating the citizens living within a given area and denoting their age, gender and occupation; 20) To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested, by this Constitution, in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof; as such laws do not violate the rights of the citizens of the United States and of the several States. Section. 10. 1) Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion; neither shall it prohibit nor inhibit the free exercise of any Judeo-Christian religion. All non-Judeo-Christian religions are banned from organizing or being practiced in the United States (this ban shall not apply to any traditional American Indian religions as they were practiced before the establishment of this Constitution where such practice shall not violate existing law). 2) Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances; nor make any law prohibiting or abridging the freedom of speech, except to uphold the official language of the United States. English shall be the official language of the United States immediately upon the ratification of this Constitution and thereupon shall be the only language used by all Federal, State and local governments. 3) A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of citizens to keep and bear arms for the protection of themselves and their families or for the hunting of wild game, shall never be infringed by the Congress, any Federal department, agency, board, bureau, or commission, by any State or by any local government. 4) No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 5) No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 6) The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 7) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. 8) In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. 9) Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Once a person has satisfied the terms of their prison sentence or period of parole, neither the Federal, nor State and Local governments may impose ex post facto punishments, fines or penalties. The Federal, State and Local governments shall not establish any laws making a sentence of life imprisonment to be longer than 20 years of a natural life. No person convicted of a crime may receive a numbered sentence that is longer than a life sentence as it is described in this part. First time offenders of the type of crime to which they were convicted may neither receive a life sentence, nor a numbered sentence that is longer than a life sentence. Multiple time offenders of the type of crime to which they already have a conviction on their record may not receive a numbered sentence that is longer than a life sentence. 10) The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 11) The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. 12) Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. 13) The Institution of Slavery as it exists in the United States at the time of the ratification of this Constitution shall not be abolished by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, but Congress shall have authority to regulate the institution. At midnight on the first of January, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight the Institution of Slavery shall be abolished in the United States and in all its territories; then Congress shall provide for the return of all, then former, slaves to the continent of Africa. 14) The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. 15) No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. 16) No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 17) No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. 18) No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 19) No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. 20) No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, award, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. 21) The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. 22) Congress shall not establish any law that would prohibit the violent overthrow of the government; only a Tyrannical and unjust government has need for such a law. 23) Congress shall not establish any law granting the authority to the Federal government to tax the inheritances, income and/or wages of the citizens and residents of the United States. 24) All persons who are naturalized or born to citizens of the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are legal citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of the citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any citizen of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any citizen within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 25) The right of citizens of the United States, and being at least twenty-one years of age, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the Congress of the United States on account of age, or by reason of one’s political affiliations, or Judeo-Christian religious affiliation, or one’s political or Judeo-Christian religious beliefs; but denial may be imposed for any of the following: an inability to read and write in the official language of the United States, failure to pay taxes, being a current recipient of public financial or subsistent assistance, not yet completing two years after fully satisfying the terms of a bankruptcy agreement, or not yet completing five years after fully satisfying the terms of a prison sentence, this shall also include any period of parole. 26) Congress shall neither cause, nor allow the several States to dishonor the Judeo-Christian God by establishing any laws that violate: trusting God only, worshiping God only, using God’s name in ways that honor Him, resting on the Lord’s Day (Saturday or Sunday respectively) to meditate on Him, respecting and obeying one’s parents, protecting and respecting human life (except where a person has been dully convicted of a crime and sentenced to death), being true to one’s spouse, not taking what belongs to others, not lying about others, and being satisfied with what one has. 27) Congress shall never establish any law which could be construed as: legalizing adultery, incest, bestiality, Satan worship, witchery, divination or soothsaying; nor authorizing the termination of life that is not yet born or condoning it, these are matters to be decided by the States. 28) No branch of the Federal Government shall ever establish any principle by law, decree or decision, which could be construed as designating the unborn to be anything less than a person. Section. 11. 1) No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. 2) No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress. 3) No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. 4) No State shall be denied the right to interpose its sovereign authority between acts of the Congress of the United States and the liberties, property, and interest of the citizens of the State, thereby nullifying any Congressional acts judged by the State to be an unwarranted infringement upon the rights of the State and the people thereof nullification shall be as follows: A State’s nullification of a Congressional act must be approved by a majority of the legislature of the State; Upon passage of an act of nullification, all Federal authority for the enumerated and nullified act(s) shall be prohibited in that State; when a majority of the States accept nullification of a Congressional act(s) in the legislatures of the States, then all Federal authority for the enumerated and nullified act(s) shall be prohibited anywhere in the United States or its territories; No Federal elected official, agent, or branch of the Government General of the United States may harass, intimidate, or threaten a State or the people thereof for exercising their rights under this Constitution. No Federal elected official, agent, or branch of the Government General of the United States shall attempt to influence or use his office to attempt to influence the deliberations of the people regarding the nullification of a Congressional act, or the acceptance or rejection of a nullified Congressional act; any United States military officer, non-commissioned officer, or Federal official or agent who carries out or attempts to carry out any order by an Federal official or agent to deny or hinder the people of the State from exercising their rights under this Constitution shall be subject to the offended State’s laws and may be tried accordingly. Jurisdiction in such cases is specifically denied to all Federal Courts, military courts, or any other court other than the courts of the offended State.

Article. II.
'''Section. 1.''' 1) The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: 2) Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 3) The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; — The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; — The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. — The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President, shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States. 4) The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. 5) The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. 6) The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of their successors shall then begin. 7) No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. Any person standing for election for President or Vice President must present conclusive Evidence that they are a natural born Citizen of the United States, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution. '''Section. 2.''' 1) In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. 2) Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. 3) Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President. 4) Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President. 5) Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office. The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. '''Section. 3.''' 1) The Executive Departments and their responsibilities, the principal Officer of each being responsible for advising the President on any Subject relating to their Department’s Duties, shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following: (A) The Department of State – Shall be empowered to manage foreign-policy issues, as directed by the President; to carry out the country's foreign policy; to maintain relations between foreign countries and the United States; to negotiate treaties and agreements with foreign nations; to supervise embassies, missions, and consulates overseas; (B) The Department of the Treasury – Shall be empowered to manage the financial state of the government and the economy, as directed by the President; to supervise the printing of money and minting of coinage; to print postage stamps; to curb counterfeiting the current money and coinage of the United States; (C) The Department of Defense – Shall be empowered to manage the army and naval forces of the United States, as directed by the President; to oversee everything related to the nation's military security; to direct the army and naval forces of the United States; (D) The Department of Justice – Shall be empowered to advise the President and other members of the Cabinet on all legal matters, including petitions for parole and pardon; to supervise U.S. district attorneys and marshals; to supervise federal prisons and other penal institutions; to research violations of Federal laws; to administer immigration laws; (E) The Department of the Interior – Shall be empowered to manage all domestic policy issues, as directed by the President; to develop the country's natural resources; to supervise the economic development and environmental protection of public land; to assist Indians living on reservations; to promote international trade, economic growth, and technological advancement; to work keeping the U.S. competitive in international markets; to prevent unfair foreign trade practices; to gather statistics for business and government planners. (F) The Department of Agriculture – Shall be empowered to supervise agricultural production and to make sure prices are fair, as directed by the President; to help farmers financially with subsidies and development programs; to help food producers sell their goods overseas. 2) The Congress shall have authority to assign additional duties to each of the Executive Departments and establish new departments with duties specifically designated, but nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to grant Congress the authority to establish new departments with duties intended to handle matters which are clearly handled by each State respectively. Section. 4. Before they enter on the Execution of their respective Office, the President and Vice President shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"''I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President (or Vice President) of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.''" Section. 5. 1) The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. 2) He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. 3) The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. 4) The Vice President shall have the right to attend meetings between the President and the Heads of the Executive Departments or between the President and foreign ambassadors or foreign heads of state. '''Section. 6.''' 1) The President as Commander-in-Chief shall have power to introduce the land and naval forces of the United States into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, but shall be exercised only pursuant to one or more of the following: a declaration of war, specific statutory authorization, or a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its land and naval forces. 2) The President, in every possible instance, shall consult with Congress before introducing the land and naval forces into hostilities or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress until the land and naval forces of the United States are no longer engaged in hostilities or have been removed from such situations. 3) In the absence of a declaration of war, in any case in which land and naval forces are introduced; into hostilities or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances; into the territory or waters of a foreign nation, while equipped for combat, except for deployments which relate solely to supply, replacement, repair, or training of such forces; or in numbers which substantially enlarge land and naval forces equipped for combat already located in a foreign nation; the President shall submit within forty-eight hours to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the Senate a report, in writing, setting forth: (A) The circumstances necessitating the introduction of land and naval forces; (B) The constitutional and legislative authority under which such introduction took place; and (C) The estimated scope and duration of the hostilities or involvement. 4) The President shall provide such other information as the Congress may request in the fulfillment of its constitutional responsibilities with respect to committing the Nation to war and to the use of land and naval forces abroad. 5) Whenever land and naval forces are introduced into hostilities or into any situation described in part 3 of this section, the President shall, so long as such land and naval forces continue to be engaged in such hostilities or situation, report to the Congress periodically on the status of such hostilities or situation as well as on the scope and duration of such hostilities or situation, but in no event shall he report to the Congress less often than once every six months. '''Section. 7.''' He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. '''Section. 8.''' 1) The President and Vice President may be censured by the Congress of the United States for offenses deemed not serious enough for impeachment. A Censure shall prevent the President or Vice President from being re-elected to their respective office, receiving a Federal Pension or Annuity for his service as President or Vice President respectively and being disqualified to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States. 2) The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, other high Crimes and Misdemeanors, or assuming duties and responsibilities not delegated to them by this Constitution, or the Congress; and the President of the United States, as the commander-in-chief, shall be held to the same standards as officers in the Army and Navy of the United States.

Article III.
'''Section. 1.''' 1) The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. 2) The supreme Court and all inferior courts shall be limited to interpreting the law and no part of this Constitution, nor any act of Congress shall ever be construed as empowering the supreme Court and any inferior court to make laws, or to alter national policy and laws or to infringe upon the rights of the several States, except where either clearly contradicts this Constitution and the burden to demonstrate this contradiction’s existence is upon that particular Federal Court, which must be in unanimous agreement. '''Section. 2.''' The Courts, both Federal and State, shall accept that the meaning of the Constitution is not what they say it is; furthermore, the Courts, both Federal and State, have neither the privilege nor the right to determine what the morals of the nation are, that privilege is a right reserved solely for the citizens of the United States. '''Section. 3.''' Any Federal or State Law found by the supreme Court or any other Federal court to be in contradiction to this Constitution and its Articles of Amendment shall not be overturned by any Federal court, but shall be returned to the Congress or State Legislature respectively for reconsideration. In such case the Federal court concerned shall, in returning the law, annotate the law demonstrating the Constitutional contradictions; and then the Congress or State Legislature respectively shall move to proceed with reconsidering the law in the manner as though it were a new bill introduced into the legislature. '''Section. 4.''' 1) The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--to Controversies between two or more States;--between a State and citizens of another State, where the State is plaintiff;--between Citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State or the Citizens thereof, and foreign states, Citizens, or subjects; but no State shall be sued by a Citizen or subject of any foreign state. 2) In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. 3) The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. Section. 5. 1) All Federal Judges shall be subject to a review of their performance every two years. Any judge who receives two “unfavorable” performance reviews within a ten year period will be removed immediately and may not be re-appointed to any other Federal Court. The Senate shall have the sole power to determine the criteria by which all Federal Judges will be reviewed, which shall include, but is not limited to: upholding the original intent of the constitution, protecting the freedoms of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, of the press, protecting the people’s right to bear arms, respecting the sovereignty of the States and adhering to their Court’s limitations under the Constitution. 2) The Committee of the States shall have the sole responsibility for conducting a Judge’s Performance Review; the membership of which shall consist of one member for each State to be appointed by each State Governor and approved by each State legislature. The Committee shall report the results of each performance review to the Senate; this Committee’s decisions are final and not subject to approval by the Senate nor any other body. 3) In order for a judge to receive a favorable performance, rating from the Committee they must achieve at least a “good” rating on each of the criteria specifically mentioned in part one of this section and at least a “good” rating on a majority of the additional criteria established by the Congress. An overall “unfavorable” performance rating shall be valid for ten years. 4) Three fifths of the total membership of the Committee of the States shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as the Committee may provide. 5) The Committee of the States may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, demand that a member’s respective State Governor and/or State Legislature replaced them. 6) The Committee of the States shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. 7) The Committee of the States shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the tenth day in January, unless they shall, with the approval of one tenth of the total membership of both Houses of Congress, appoint a different Day. 8) The Committee of the States shall not, during their session, adjourn for more than three days (Saturday and Sunday excepted), nor to any other Place than that in which the Committee shall be sitting. 9) The members of the Committee shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be paid out of the Treasury of their respective State as the Legislature thereof shall determine. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of the Committee, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate on the floor of the Committee, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. 10) No member of the Committee shall, during the Time for which he was appointed, be chosen to serve in any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of the Committee during his Continuance in Office. 11) The members of the Committee shall serve on the Committee of the States at the pleasure of their respective State Governor. Members of the Committee may be recalled and replaced, for any reason, by their respective State Governor before the conclusion of their term. '''Section. 6.''' 1) Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The President and Vice President may be charged, tried, convicted or acquitted of a charge of Treason in a Federal court; conviction would result in immediate removal from office. 2) The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

Article. IV.
'''Section. 1.''' Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. '''Section. 2.''' 1) The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. 2) A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. 3) No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. Section. 3. 1) New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. 2) The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic Violence.

Article. V.
1) The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. 2) No Amendment shall be proposed or ratified that would grant the authority to the Federal Government to tax the people’s inheritances, income and/or wages.

Article. VI.
1) All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. 2) This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. 3) The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article. VII.
The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. The Word, "the," being interlined between the seventh and eighth Lines of the first Page, the Word "Thirty" being partly written on an Erazure in the fifteenth Line of the first Page, The Words "is tried" being interlined between the thirty second and thirty third Lines of the first Page and the Word "the" being interlined between the forty third and forty fourth Lines of the second Page. Attest William Jackson Secretary Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,