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Our knowledge of the succession of Egyptian kings is based on king lists kept by the ancient Egyptians themselves. The most famous is the Palermo Stone, which covers the period from the earliest dynasties to the middle of Dynasty 5; the Abydos Kingliest, which Seti I had carved on his temple at Abydos; and the Turin Canon, a papyrus that covers the period from the earliest dynasties to the reign of Ramesses II. All are incomplete or fragmentary. We also rely on the History of Egypt written by Manetho in the third century B.C. A priest in the temple at Heliopolis, Manetho had access to many original sources and it was he who divided the kings into the thirty dynasties we use today.

It is to this structure of dynasties and listed kings that we now attempt to link an absolute chronology of dates in terms of our own calendrical system. The process is made difficult by the fragmentary condition of the king lists and by differences in the calendrical years used at various times. Some astronomical observations from the ancient Egyptians have survived, allowing us to calculate absolute dates within a margin of error. Synchronisms with the other civilizations of the ancient world are also of limited use.

Old Kingdom ca. 2649–2150 B.C. Dynasty 3 ca. 2649–2575 B.C. Zanakht ca. 2649–2630 B.C. Djoser ca. 2630–2611 B.C. Sekhemkhet ca. 2611–2605 B.C. Khaba ca. 2605–2599 B.C. Huni ca. 2599–2575 B.C. Dynasty 4 ca. 2575–2465 B.C. Snefru ca. 2575–2551 B.C. Khufu ca. 2551–2528 B.C. Djedefre ca. 2528–2520 B.C. Khafre (26.7.1392) ca. 2520–2494 B.C. Nebka II ca. 2494–2490 B.C. Menkaure (37.6.1) ca. 2490–2472 B.C. Shepseskaf ca. 2472–2467 B.C. Thamphthis ca. 2467–2465 B.C. Dynasty 5 ca. 2465–2323 B.C. Userkaf ca. 2465–2458 B.C. Sahure (18.2.4) ca. 2458–2446 B.C. Neferirkare ca. 2446–2438 B.C. Shepseskare ca. 2438–2431 B.C. Neferefre ca. 2431–2420 B.C. Niuserre ca. 2420–2389 B.C. Menkauhor ca. 2389–2381 B.C. Isesi ca. 2381–2353 B.C. Unis ca. 2353–2323 B.C. Dynasty 6 ca. 2323–2150 B.C. Teti ca. 2323–2291 B.C. Userkare ca. 2291–2289 B.C. Pepi I ca. 2289–2255 B.C. Merenre I ca. 2255–2246 B.C. Pepi II ca. 2246–2152 B.C. Merenre II ca. 2152–2152 B.C. Netjerkare Siptah ca. 2152–2150 B.C. First Intermediate Period ca. 2150–2030 B.C. Dynasty 8–Dynasty 10 ca. 2150–2030 B.C. Dynasty 11 (first half) ca. 2124–2030 B.C. Mentuhotep I ca. 2124–2120 B.C. Intef I ca. 2120–2108 B.C. Intef II (13.182.3) ca. 2108–2059 B.C. Intef III ca. 2059–2051 B.C. Mentuhotep II (07.230.2) ca. 2051–2030 B.C. Middle Kingdom ca. 2030–1640 B.C. Dynasty 11 (second half) ca. 2030–1981 B.C. Mentuhotep II (cont.) (07.230.2) ca. 2030–2000 B.C. Mentuhotep III ca. 2000–1988 B.C. Qakare Intef ca. 1985 B.C. Sekhentibre ca. 1985 B.C. Menekhkare ca. 1985 B.C. Mentuhotep IV ca. 1988–1981 B.C. Dynasty 12 ca. 1981–1802 B.C. Amenemhat I (08.200.5) ca. 1981–1952 B.C. Senwosret I ca. 1961–1917 B.C. Amenemhat II (14.3.17) ca. 1919–1885 B.C. Senwosret II ca. 1887–1878 B.C. Senwosret III (26.7.1394) ca. 1878–1840 B.C. Amenemhat III (24.7.1) ca. 1859–1813 B.C. Amenemhat IV ca. 1814–1805 B.C. Nefrusobek ca. 1805–1802 B.C. Dynasty 13 ca. 1802–1640 B.C. Second Intermediate Period ca. 1640–1540 B.C. Dynasty 14–Dynasty 16 ca. 1640–1635 B.C. Dynasty 17 ca. 1635–1550 B.C. Tao I ca. 1560 B.C. Tao II ca. 1560 B.C. Kamose ca. 1552–1550 B.C. New Kingdom ca. 1550–1070 B.C. Dynasty 18 ca. 1550–1295 B.C. Ahmose (2006.270) ca. 1550–1525 B.C. Amenhotep I (26.3.30a) ca. 1525–1504 B.C. Thutmose I (30.4.137) ca. 1504–1492 B.C. Thutmose II ca. 1492–1479 B.C. Thutmose III (1995.21) ca. 1479–1425 B.C. Hatshepsut (as regent) ca. 1479–1473 B.C. Hatshepsut (29.3.2) ca. 1473–1458 B.C. Amenhotep II (66.99.20) ca. 1427–1400 B.C. Thutmose IV (30.8.45a–c) ca. 1400–1390 B.C. Amenhotep III (56.138) ca. 1390–1352 B.C. Amenhotep IV ca. 1353–1349 B.C. Akhenaten (66.99.40) ca. 1349–1336 B.C. Neferneferuaton ca. 1338–1336 B.C. Smenkhkare ca. 1336 B.C. Tutankhamun (50.6) ca. 1336–1327 B.C. Aya ca. 1327–1323 B.C. Haremhab (23.10.1) ca. 1323–1295 B.C. Dynasty 19 ca. 1295–1186 B.C. Ramesses I (11.155.3a) ca. 1295–1294 B.C. Seti I (22.2.21) ca. 1294–1279 B.C. Ramesses II ca. 1279–1213 B.C. Merneptah (26.7.1451) ca. 1213–1203 B.C. Amenmesse (34.2.2) ca. 1203–1200 B.C. Seti II ca. 1200–1194 B.C. Siptah (14.6.179) ca. 1194–1188 B.C. Tawosret ca. 1188–1186 B.C. Dynasty 20 ca. 1186–1070 B.C. Sethnakht ca. 1186–1184 B.C. Ramesses III (33.8.7) ca. 1184–1153 B.C. Ramesses IV (30.8.234) ca. 1153–1147 B.C. Ramesses V ca. 1147–1143 B.C. Ramesses VI ca. 1143–1136 B.C. Ramesses VII ca. 1136–1129 B.C. Ramesses VIII ca. 1129–1126 B.C. Ramesses IX ca. 1126–1108 B.C. Ramesses X ca. 1108–1099 B.C. Ramesses XI ca. 1099–1070 B.C. Hight Priests (HP) of Amun ca. 1080–1070 B.C. HP Herihor ca. 1080–1074 B.C. HP Paiankh ca. 1074–1070 B.C. Third Intermediate Period ca. 1070–713 B.C. Dynasty 21 ca. 1070–945 B.C. Smendes ca. 1070–1044 B.C. HP Painedjem I ca. 1070–1032 B.C. HP Masaharta ca. 1054–1046 B.C. HP Djedkhonsefankh ca. 1046–1045 B.C. HP Menkheperre ca. 1045–992 B.C. Amenemnisu ca. 1044–1040 B.C. Psusennes I ca. 1040–992 B.C. Amenemope ca. 993–984 B.C. HP Smendes ca. 992–990 B.C. HP Painedjem II ca. 990–969 B.C. Osochor ca. 984–978 B.C. Siamun ca. 978–959 B.C. HP Psusennes ca. 969–959 B.C. Psusennes II ca. 959–945 B.C. Dynasty 22 (Libyan) ca. 945–712 B.C. Sheshonq I ca. 945–924 B.C. Osorkon I ca. 924–889 B.C. Sheshonq II ca. 890 B.C. Takelot I ca. 889–874 B.C. Osorkon II ca. 874–850 B.C. Harsiese ca. 865 B.C. Takelot II ca. 850–825 B.C. Sheshonq III ca. 825–773 B.C. Pami ca. 773–767 B.C. Sheshonq V ca. 767–730 B.C. Osorkon IV ca. 730–712 B.C. Dynasty 23 ca. 818–713 B.C. Pedubaste I ca. 818–793 B.C. Iuput I ca. 800 B.C. Sheshonq IV ca. 793–787 B.C. Osorkon III ca. 787–759 B.C. Takelot III ca. 764–757 B.C. Rudamun ca. 757–754 B.C. Iuput II ca. 754–712 B.C. Peftjaubast ca. 740–725 B.C. Namlot ca. 740 B.C. Thutemhat ca. 720 B.C. Dynasty 24 ca. 724–712 B.C. Tefnakht ca. 724–717 B.C. Bakenrenef ca. 717–712 B.C. Late Period ca. 712–332 B.C. Dynasty 25 (Nubian) ca. 712–664 B.C. Piye (establishes Nubian Dynasty in Egypt) ca. 743–712 B.C. Shabaqo (55.144.6) ca. 712–698 B.C. Shebitqo (65.45) ca. 698–690 B.C. Taharqo (loses control of Lower Egypt) (41.160.104) ca. 690–664 B.C. Tanutamani (loses control of Upper Egypt) ca. 664–653 B.C. Dynasty 26 (Saite) 688–252 B.C. Nikauba 688–672 B.C. Necho I 672–664 B.C. Psamtik I (X.358) 664–610 B.C. Necho II 610–595 B.C. Psamtik II 595–589 B.C. Apries (09.183.1a) 589–570 B.C. Amasis (35.9.3) 570–526 B.C. Psamtik III 526–525 B.C. Dynasty 27 (Persian) 525–404 B.C. Cambyses 525–522 B.C. Darius I 521–486 B.C. Xerxes I 486–466 B.C. Artaxerxes I 465–424 B.C. Darius II 424–404 B.C. Dynasty 28 522–399 B.C. Pedubaste III 522–520 B.C. Psamtik IV ca. 470 B.C. Inaros ca. 460 B.C. Amyrtaios I ca. 460 B.C. Thannyros ca. 445 B.C. Pausiris ca. 445 B.C. Psamtik V ca. 445 B.C. Psamtik VI ca. 400 B.C. Amyrtaios II 404–399 B.C. Dynasty 29 399–380 B.C. Nepherites I 399–393 B.C. Psammuthis 393 B.C. Achoris 393–380 B.C. Nepherites II 380 B.C. Dynasty 30 380–343 B.C. Nectanebo I 380–362 B.C. Teos 365–360 B.C. Nectanebo II (34.2.1) 360–343 B.C. Persians 343–332 B.C. Khabebesh 343–332 B.C. Artaxerxes III Ochus 343–338 B.C. Arses 338–336 B.C. Darius III Codoman 335–332 B.C. Macedonian Period 332–304 B.C. Alexander the Great (52.127.4) 332–323 B.C. Philip Arrhidaeus 323–316 B.C. Alexander IV 316–304 B.C. Ptolemaic Period 304–30 B.C. Ptolemy I Soter I 304–284 B.C. Ptolemy II Philadelphos (12.187.31) 285–246 B.C. Arsinoe II (20.2.21) 278–270 B.C. Ptolemy III Euergetes I (66.99.134) 246–221 B.C. Berenike II 246–221 B.C. Ptolemy IV Philopator (66.99.166) 222–205 B.C. Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205–180 B.C. Harwennefer 205–199 B.C. Ankhwennefer 199–186 B.C. Cleopatra I 194–176 B.C. Ptolemy VI Philometor 180–145 B.C. Cleopatra II 175–115 B.C. Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 170–116 B.C. Harsiese ca. 130 B.C. Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 145–144 B.C. Ptolemy IX Soter II 116–80 B.C.