User:Aye1399/sandbox

Alina Lipp
Alina Lipp, A German independent journalist living in eastern Ukraine’s renegade Donbas area that is being prosecuted and might spend three years in prison. Lipp experienced the freezing of her bank account as well as an unjustified €1,600 raid. The probe could be thwarted, according to German officials, thus she may not defend herself in court.

carrer

Alina Lipp, a 28-year-old journalist who was born in Germany to a German mother and a Russian father, has made it her mission to portray the Russian-Ukrainian conflict fairly.

She has traveled to the Crimea Peninsula and the Donbas on numerous occasions in order to achieve this purpose. The population in Donbas, according to Lipp, cheered the de-Nazification effort as a liberation and supported the Russian forces.

In her infamous video she uploaded, Lipp alleged that the Donbas citizens had been “thankful that Russia finally did something”. “After eight years of constant shelling by the Ukrainian national army, the people have "finally been freed from the terror that they have been facing." she said.

After the video became popular, Lipp had to switch to Telegram because her YouTube channel was shut down. Additionally disabled was her PayPal account. After that, they came after her bank account as well as her father's, a Russian who resides on the Crimean peninsula.

the case against Lipp is unusual. She is not only charged, but she will also not be heard.

Lipp is already considered guilty by decree as she is denied her human right to defend her case in court—a novelty in German legal history—at least since the Third Reich succumbed almost eighty years ago

Western support of Ukraine compared with other conflicts
We had a tremendous nuclear arsenal and left it, and it was the calamity that they brought over our heads,' the Ukrainian Ambassador in Britain remarked. This is an excellent lesson for us, as well as countries like Iran, which do not maintain a nuclear deterrent.

How Civil Wars Start: And How to Stop Them
How Civil Wars Start: And How to Stop Them is a 2022 book authored by Barbara F. Walter. In this book, Walter, with the redefinition of the civil war for the new age, identifies the signs of warning the beginning of these wars and responds to these questions where these wars begin, Who start them, What makes it? And why do some countries tip over into conflict, while others are in stability? Walter knows democratic backsliding, factionalization and the politics of resentment as the main factors for the beginning of such wars. He has earned these results based on the latest international research from more than 20 countries. In this book, She refers to the fact that a civil war today won’t look like what happened previously in America, Russia, or Spain. It will begin with sporadic acts of violence and terror, accelerated by social media. Political violence in southwest Texas, kidnapping Michigan governor and attacking the US Congress has worried Barbara F. Walter about civil conflicts in her own country.

Background
Over the last two decades, the number of active civil wars around the world has almost doubled, a number that continues to rise. Major civil wars are now being fought in countries including Iraq, Syria and Libya. Smaller civil wars are being fought in Ukraine, India, and Malaysia. Even countries we thought could never experience another civil war - such as the USA, Sweden and Ireland - are showing signs of unrest.

Over the last two decades, the number of active civil wars worldwide has almost doubled, a number that continues to rise. Countries that are seriously engaged in civil wars including Iraq, Syria, and Libya.More minor civil wars are being fought in Ukraine, India, and Malaysia. And the countries we did not think to experience another civil war, but signs of unrest show in them, such as the United States, Sweden and Ireland

Major civil wars are now being fought in countries including Iraq, Syria, and Libya. More minor civil wars are being fought in Ukraine, India, and Malaysia. Even countries we thought could never experience another civil war - such as the USA, Sweden, and Ireland - are showing signs of unrest

It seems that autocracies and healthy democracies are mainly immune from civil war; And countries are in the middle ground that are more vulnerable. But today signs indicate that more countries, including the United States, see their most in this position. After the attack the Congress, talk of a twenty-first century civil war in the United States intensified

about
Barbara F. Walter, An American political scientist at the University of California at San Diego. Who serves on a CIA advisory panel called the Political Instability.

She monitors countries around the world and predict which one is more at risk of deteriorating into violence. Due to study of the effective factors on civil war for nearly a quarter of the century, Barbara F. Walter became a civilwarologist which makes this book rather important.

Reception
How Civil Wars Start, acclaimed expert Barbara F. Walter, who has advised on political violence everywhere from the CIA to the U.S. Senate to the United Nations, explains the rise of civil war and the conditions that create it.

Barbara F. Walter explains in this book that simultaneously with the backslide of democracies around the world, civil wars have been wider and longer than before. She explains how to start civil wars and why increases it and the conditions that create it. She also shows the path to back toward peace in this book.

Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, authors of How Democracies Die, believe that, when Barbara F. Walter as a civilwarologist talks about civil war in the United States we should pay attention because She knows what she’s talking about'. '

The book aims to investigate the issues and authoritarian strategies of some elements in the Republican Party and suggesting proposed policies to prevent the erosion of American democracy. Walter's use of data and adaptive slant should promote a serious discussion.

Don't Forget Us Here
Don't Forget Us Here,Lost and Found at Guantánamo is a 2021 book by Mansoor Adayfi about a young man, at the age of 18, who was sent to Afghanistan to do research but he never returned. After being kidnapped by Afghan warlords, he was sold to the United States during the aftermath of 9/11. In Kandahar, he was naked, beaten, and interrogated by the Americans about his link to Al Qaeda. He was imprisoned, without being charged, at the Guantánamo Bay detention camp, where he was stripped of his name and  was known as Prisoner 441, he spent the next 14 years as Detainee. Adayfi describes in his memoir how he survived for 14 years, until his 2016 release.Adayfi from these fourteen years framed a narrative in collaboration with writer Antonio Aiello.

Synopsis
Don't Forget Us Here is the memories of an young man who was in detention at Guantánamo for 14 years. The book is essentially a series of manuscripts Mansoor Adayfi wrote While he was at Guantánamo, and sent to his attorneys as letters, he then transformed into this vital chronicle, in collaboration with writer Antonio Aiello. While in prison, he became a stubborn fighter who led prison riots and hunger strikes. Mansoor Adayfi was known in Guantánamo only as Detainee 441. He tried to persuade his captors that He had not been cooperating with al-Qaeda. According to the book, to have the tortures stopped, he confessed to be a member of al-Qaeda.

According to Mansoor Adayfi in his book, American were more interested in taking revenge for the attacks than in finding out Who the detainees were and what they had done or not. He said: "I had only heard about the Sept.11 attacks". Adayfi writes that Maj. Gen. Geoffrey D. Miller, the Guantánamo commander from 2002 to 2004, "turned the camp into where everything seemed designed to humiliate and demean us.

At his hearing in front of a panel meant to evaluate detainees, he read out a statement in which he told them again that he was not al Qaeda. "But after what they had done to us, I would join al-Qaeda," Adayfi added. He writes: "I wanted to teach them that they couldn’t kill us and torture us and expect us to love them for it. No; I wanted them to see what they had created."

By 2016, after 14 years of detention at Guantanamo Bay, the government had not yet charged him with a crime or confirmed his detention was lawful. But finally a review board decided that he was not a threat to the United States and he was allowed to have a new life in Serbia.

Mansoor in this book narrates his struggle to maintain hope and survival in difficult circumstance. Besides, he also tells the story of Guantanamo and provides a new window into one of the most secretive places.

Reception
According to Andrew Solomon, this book has a compact and powerful prose. It is narrated by a natural story_teller, but this fate is almost coincidental. Experience sheer horror, what Adafi endured, and her tremendous flexibility. Solomon believes that it takes courage to live this way, and writing a story takes a lot of courage, and even reading it takes courage. He believes only a few history books change, and this book may be one of them.

Ron Chernow believes the memoir paints a gruesome picture of the insane bureaucracy, as well as the intense resistance and eventual salvation of an innocent Yemeni man who is being held in a hellish prison. He hopes you do not forget our book here, it is a spark for auditing the horrors of Guantanamo and its many victims.

According to Azar Nafisi, this book, while being heartbreaking, is joyful. This book depicts the horrendous reality of life for Guantanamo detainees. But it is also about flexibility in the face of such a reality, and the joy of being alive, maintaining a sense of dignity and identity in the worst circumstances.

Melissa Fleming, UN Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications, believes this book takes us inside the tenacious mind of a young man who refused to be broken by mental and physical torture. His style of writing to make his case would become this important record, opening a window of humanity into a place meant to be kept forever secret. Mansour says he survived 14 years of torture and persecution thanks to his religious faith and intense resistance.

Jonathan Hansen, author of Guantánamo, said that some confessions in the book, suggests that, Despite US military brass (and their political bosses) knowing that innocent people have been tortured for years, they have not stopped it..This is an enlightening account of Guantanamo from the Muslim point of view.

Synopsis
Don't Forget Us Here is the memories of an young man at Guantánamo who survived after 14 years of detention in it. He then becomes a stubborn fighter who leads prison riots and hunger strikes. Mansoor Adayfi is known in Guantánamo only as Detainee 441, not his real identity. He tries to persuade his captors that He does not cooperate with al-Qaeda and is not one of them. To have the tortures stopped, he confessed to be a member of al-Qaeda.

According to Mansoor Adayfi American more interested in exacting revenge for the attacks than in finding out Who we are as detainee and what we had done or had not done. He said "I had only heard about the Sept.11 attacks". Adayfi writes that Maj. Gen. Geoffrey D. Miller, the Guantánamo commander from 2002 to 2004, "turned the camp into where everything seemed designed to humiliate and demean us".

At his hearing in front of a panel meant to evaluate detainees, he read out a statement in which he “told them again that I was not al Qaeda, but after what they had done to us, I would join al-Qaeda.”

He writes “I wanted to teach them that they couldn’t kill us and torture us and expect us to love them for it. No; I wanted them to see what they had created.”

By 2016, his 14-year detention at Guantanamo Bay, the government had not yet charged him with a crime or confirmed his detention was lawful. But finally a review board decided that he was not a threat to the United States and he was alowed to have a new life in Serbia.

Don't Forget Us Here is essentially a series of manuscripts Mansoor Adayfi wrote While he was at Guantánamo, and sent to his attorneys as letters, he then transformed into this vital chronicle, in collaboration with writer Antonio Aiello.

Mansoor in this book narrates his struggle to maintain hope and survival in difficult circumstance. And through his story, he also tells the story of Guantanamo and offers a new window into one of the most secretive places.

Reception
According to Andrew Solomon,this book has a compact and powerful prose. It is narrated by a natural story_teller, but this fate is almost coincidental. Experience sheer horror, what Adafi endured, and her tremendous flexibility. Solomon believes that It takes courage to live this way, and writing a story takes a lot of courage, and even reading it takes courage. He believes only a few books change history, and this book may be one of them.

Ron Chernow, believes the memoir paints a gruesome picture of the insane bureaucracy, as well as the intense resistance and eventual salvation of an innocent Yemeni man who is being held in a hellish prison. He hopes you do not forget our book here, it is a spark for auditing the horrors of Guantanamo and its many victims.

According to Azar Nafisi, this book, while heartbreaking, is joyful.This book depicts the horrendous reality of life for Guantanamo detainees. But it is also about flexibility in the face of such a reality, and the joy of being alive, maintaining a sense of dignity and identity in the worst circumstances.

Melissa Fleming,UN Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications, believes this book takes us inside the tenacious mind of a young man who refused to be broken by mental and physical torture. His style of writing to make his case would become this important record, opening a window of humanity into a place meant to be kept forever secret. Mansour says he survived 14 years of torture and persecution thanks to his religious faith and intense resistance.

Jonathan Hansen, author of Guantánamo, said that some confessions in the book, suggests that, Despite US military brass (and their political bosses) knowing that innocent people have been tortured for years, they have not stopped it..This is an enlightening account of Guantanamo from the Muslim point of view.

Hajj
is based on three types of enjoyment: the Qur'an and individuals. According to the Shiites, the Hajj of the Qur'an and individuals is reserved for the inhabitants of Mecca. Accompanying a victim during Muharram is a feature of this type of Hajj.

Hajj is based on three types of Hajj al-Tamattu, Hajj al-Qirān (Arabic: حج القران) and hajj al-Ifrad (Arabic: حجّ الإفراد) According to the Shiites, the Hajj al-Qirān and hajj al-Ifrad is obligatory for the inhabitants of Mecca. Accompanying a sacrifice during Ihram is a feature of this type of Hajj .According to the opinion of sunnis, Hajj al- Qirān is type of Hajj in which Umrah and Hajj are performed together.

According to Shiite and Sunni sources, the Prophet had 100 camel s with himself for sacrifice during the farewell pilgrimage. Shiites and Hanafis consider farewell pilgrimage as Quranic pilgrimage but with different definitions.

Šarḥ-e ḥadiṯ-e jonud-e ʿaql wa jahl( Commentary on the Hadith of the Battalions of Intelligence and Ignorance)
work by Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini, a moral and mysticism book, includes the topics of theoretical mysticism, Islamic philosophy, ethics, explanation of hadiths, anthropology, interpretation, along with moral advice

Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini's theological and moral views are clearer in this book and, like his book Sharh Chehl-e Hadith, covers a larger number of audience.The book has been translated by Seyed Ahmad Fahri and published several times also The work has been published in Arabic by Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works.

the soldiers of Inteligence and Ignorance hadith is actually a detailed narration of Jafar Sadegh, the sixth Imam of the Shiites, which Sheikh Koleini has mentioned in the first chapter of Kitab al-Kafi.

Contents

 * 1Background
 * 2Context
 * 3The commentators of The Soldiers of intelligence and Ignorance Hadith
 * 3.1Sharh Usool Kafi
 * 3.2Sharh al-Kafi al-Usul wa al-Rawdha
 * 3.3Interpretation of the Soldiers of Wisdom and Ignorance Hadith
 * 4Methodology
 * 5References

Background[edit]
The narrator of this hadith Sama Ibn Mehran quoted as saying that discussion over intelligence and ignorance happened when I was with Jafar Sadegh, there was talk of intelligence and ignorance. This is how he told us to know his intellect and his army and his ignorance and army so that you can be guided.

Then Imam, at the request of the narrator, explained how the intellect and ignorance were created also the armies of each of them (for each of which he counted 75 divisions).

Context[edit]
In this lengthy hadith, Imam describes  intelligence and ignorance as two beings who are in endless battles with each other with their forces. Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq explains that the  intelligence is the first being that God created from His light. The  intelligence is the pure submission of the truth, it follows the truth and accepts nothing but the truth.when He told it to turn away, it did so; and when He told it to turn toward Him, it did so.Then God exalted  intelligence over all His creations.Then God created ignorance darkness and bitterness and addressed it with the same two commands that he gave to intelligence, but ignorance could not obey, so God cursed it.Seventy-five battalions were accorded to intelligence and ignorance.Then the Imam enumes the seventy-five battalions on two fronts, which in the form of two pairs of opposite characteristics such as justice and injustice, and compassion and anger.

The commentators of The Soldiers of intelligence and Ignorance Hadith[edit]
This hadith has been studied and explained by some commentators of the hadith. The most important of them are the commentary of Mulla Sadra, the commentary of Molla Saleh Mazandarani and the commentary of Imam Khomeini.

Sharh Usool Kafi[edit]
Mulla Sadra in the first volume of the book Sharh Usool Kafi has described about 140 pages of the hadith of the soldiers of intelligence and ignorance

Sharh al-Kafi al-Usul wa al-Rawdha[edit]
Mawla Saleh Mazandarani has examined this hadith in the first volume of Sharh al-Kafi al-Usul wa al-Rawdha.

Interpretation of the Soldiers of Wisdom and Ignorance Hadith[edit]
In this book, Imam Khomeini, while quoting the text of the hadith and translating it, explains some of these attributes (soldiers) and includes discussions in the field of Islamic philosophy, mysticism and ethics.

Methodology[edit]
Khomeini’s  commentary covers a broad range of topics relating directly or indirectly to the hadith, most of them focusing on questions of spiritual or moral advancement.The author begins by mentioning a version of the hadith of the soldiers of Intelligence and ignorance and then devotes a chapter to explaining it. The book is featured by terminology where the words providing a clear picture of moral qualities are explained.

This work can be characterized as a ethical self-improvement. Less tightly organized than his commentary on the forty hadith, but like it, this work often discusses opposing pairs of conduct and character .Khomeini could not finish this description and hoped to be able to do so in the futur.

Category:Book stubs Category:All stub articles

References[edit]

 * 1) ^
 * 2) ^ Jump up to:a b c
 * 3) ^
 * 4) ^
 * 5) ^
 * 6) ^
 * 7) ^
 * 8) ^
 * 9) ^
 * 10) ^ "A look at the book (explanation of the hadith of the soldiers of Intelligence and ignorance".