User:Azhar.Tolegen/Shvarev Nikolai Aleksandrovich

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Shvarev (April 14, 1896, Moscow, Russian Empire — June 1, 1960, the village of Snegiri, Moscow Region, USSR) —Soviet military commander, Major General (03/31/1943).

Biography
Born April 14, 1896 in Moscow. Russian.

World War I
In September 1915 he entered the military service in the Russian Imperial Army and enlisted as a volunteer in the 191st reserve infantry regiment. At the beginning of 1916 he was sent on machine-gun courses to the city of Oranienbaum (training machine-gun team). Upon graduation, he was sent to the Western Front, where he fought as a junior and senior non-commissioned officer in the 13th Infantry Regiment as a platoon commander. He was at the front until the October Revolution of 1917, after which he returned to his homeland.

Civil War
December 15, 1917 voluntarily joined the Red Guard squad in Moscow. In January 1918, he was appointed platoon commander and machine-gun instructor at the 1st Moscow Machine-Gun Courses, and at the same year he graduated from these courses. In January 1919, the backbone of the Moscow courses was allocated to the formation of the Ural Soviet machine-gun courses, where Shvarev was appointed an instructor. In April of the same year, he was sent from courses to the Eastern Front, where he fought as the commander of a machine-gun crew of the 5th rifle regiment of a brigade of cadets. In July, with the brigade went to Ukraine in the city of Cherkasy to form the Cherkasy Soviet courses. As part of the Eastern cadet brigade, the chief of the machine-gun team participated in the fight against the "green" gangs on the Southern Front.

After their defeat in November 1919, he was recalled to the General Directorate of Higher Education Institutions and then appointed an instructor of machine-gun business to the Volsky Soviet courses. In August 1920, Shvarev was appointed head of the machine gun command of the marching battalion and sent with him to the Eastern Brigade of cadets. With this brigade on the Caspian Sea sent to the Caucasian Front in the city of Baku.

Interwar period
In December, 1920 he was directed by a listener to the courses “Shot”. However, in February 1921 he was seconded to the 81st Minsk Infantry Courses, where he served as battalion commander and machine-gun instructor. In September 1924 he was enrolled in the “Shot” course. After graduation in August 1925, he was sent to the 7th Belarusian Unified School named after Kh. CEC of the BSSR, where he was the commander of the company and the chief of the drill command.

In 1925 he joined the VKP (b).

From October 1927 he commanded a battalion in the 6th rifle regiment, from December 1930 and. D. Assistant Commander for the economic part of the 79th Infantry Regiment of the 27th Infantry Division of the BVI. From February to June 1931 he studied again at the courses “Shot” (economic department), then returned to his former position. In July 1935, Shvarev was appointed head of the military economic service of the same 27th rifle division. In April 1938, he was transferred to the same position in the management of the 4th rifle corps BOVO.

Since August 1939, Major Shvarev commanded the 635th Infantry Regiment of the 143rd Infantry Division. In December 1939 he was appointed commander of the 355th Infantry Regiment of the 100th Infantry Division. In this position he participated in the Soviet-Finnish war, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. At the end of the fighting division became part of Zapov.

The Great Patriotic War
With the beginning of the war, Colonel Shvarev continued to command this regiment on the Western Front. Participated with him in the border battle in Belarus and the battle of Smolensk. From August to November 1941, after being seriously wounded, he was in hospitals in Moscow and Tbilisi.

Upon recovery, he was appointed deputy commander of the 79th separate rifle brigade of the North Caucasian Military District. In January 1942, the brigade joined the Separate Maritime Army and participated in the battles near Sevastopol. In April, Shvarev is appointed and. D. Commander of the 388th Infantry Division, which, as part of the same army of the Crimean Front, took part in the defense of the city of Sevastopol.

After the surrender of the city and the evacuation to the Taman Peninsula in July 1942, he was transferred to the Military Council of the North Caucasus Front, then from 4 August he was admitted to and. D. Commander of the 317th Infantry Division, which was in formation in the city of Grozny (approved by the order of NKO from 10.26.1942). In late August, she entered the 58th Army of the Northern Group of Forces of the Transcaucasian Front and was engaged in equipping the defensive line with a total length of 75 km. From September 24 to October 4, the division entered the 44th Army of the Northern Group of Forces of the Transcaucasian Front, then was redeployed to the area of ​​the city of Beslan, where it took up defensive positions. From October 17, she was included in the 9th Army and participated in the Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze defensive operation. From December 3, 1942, the division re-entered the 58th army and from January 2, 1943 participated with it in the North Caucasian offensive operation, in pursuit of the retreating enemy in the direction of the cities of Cool, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk. On January 30, her forward detachment participated in the liberation of the city of Tikhoretsk. From February 9, 1943, the division took part in the Krasnodar offensive operation and led heavy offensive and defensive battles in Plavnyakh. From April 16, she was withdrawn to the reserve of the Supreme Command Headquarters for replenishment, then from April 24 she entered the 56th army and fought in the direction of art. Crimean. However, having met the stubborn resistance of the enemy at the defensive turn of the Blue Line, the division turned to defense. In June 1943, Major-General Shvarev was appointed Deputy Commander of the 18th Army, at the same time he led the army troop group during the Kerch-Eltigens airborne operation.

On November 5, 1943, he joined the command of the 20th rifle corps, which was part of the same army of the North Caucasus Front, then the Separate Maritime Army. The corps participated in defensive battles near the village of Myskhako, in the liberation of the Taman Peninsula and the city of Novorossiysk.

For skillful command, successful execution of combat missions by units of the corps Shvarev was awarded the Order of Kutuzov of the 2nd degree.

Since March 18, 1944 temporarily and. D. Commander of the 3rd Mountain Rifle Separate Maritime Army. He participated with him in the Crimean offensive operation, in the liberation of the cities of Kerch and Yalta.

On April 16, 1944, Major General Shvarev again commanded the 20th rifle corps (transferred in connection with the return of the commander of the 3rd mountain rifle corps, Major General A. A. Luchinsky). As part of the 28th Army of the 1st and 3rd Belorussian fronts, the corps took part in the Belarusian, East Prussian and Berlin offensive operations, in mastering the cities of Berezhany, Brest, Gumbinnen, Friedland and in the storming of Berlin.

For successful command in these operations, Shvarev was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner, Suvorov of the 2nd degree and Bogdan Khmelnitsky of the 2nd degree.

In May 1945, a corps as part of the 3rd Guards Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front participated in the Prague offensive operation. Its formations and units distinguished themselves in mastering the city of Dresden and eliminating the enemy’s surrounded grouping, for which Shvarev was awarded the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class.

During the war, Shvarev was eleven times mentioned in thanksgiving in the orders of the Supreme Commander

Postwar career
After the war, he continued to command the 20th rifle corps (from August 1945, as part of the Baranovichi Military District). In October 1945, he was removed from office and enlisted at the disposal of the Main Directorate of NKO, then in January 1946 he was appointed commander of the 11th Guards Riflemen of the Gorodok Order of Lenin of the Red Banner Order of the Suvorov Division (since March - as part of PribO). Upon its disbandment in June of the same year, he was enlisted at the disposal of the District Military Council. October 19, 1946 transferred to the reserve.

Awards

 * the USSR


 * Order of Lenin (02/21/1945) four orders of the Red Banner (1940, 08/31/1941, 1942, 11/03/1944) Order of Kutuzov I degree (05/29/1945)  Order of Suvorov, II degree (07/23/1944)  Order of Kutuzov II degree (10/25/1943)  Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky II degree (04/19/1945)  Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (04/02/1943)  Medals including:  "XX years of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army" (1938)  "For the defense of Sevastopol" (1943)  "For the Defense of the Caucasus" (1944)  "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1945)  "For the capture of Konigsberg" (1945)  "For the capture of Berlin" (1945)  "For the Liberation of Prague" (1945)


 * Orders (thanks) of the Supreme Commander in which N. A. Shvarev is noted


 * For the capture of the city and the fortress of Kerch - an important stronghold of the German defense. April 11, 1944 № 105. For crossing the river Drut to the north of the city of Rogachev, a breakthrough of a strong, deeply echeloned enemy defense on a front stretching 30 kilometers in depth to 12 kilometers. June 25, 1944 No. 118. For the rapid advance north-west of Minsk, the seizure of the regional center of Belarus by the city of Vileyka - an important railway station and the city of Krasnoye. July 2, 1944 number 127.  For the capture of the regional center of Belarus by the city of Baranavichy - an important railway junction and a powerful fortified German defense area, covering the direction to Bialystok and Brest. July 8, 1944 number 132.  For the capture of the city of Slonim - a major communications hub and a powerful stronghold of the German defense on the Shara River. July 10, 1944 No. 134.  For the capture of the regional center of Belarus by the city and the fortress of Brest (Brest-Litovsk) - an operationally important railway junction and a powerful fortified area of ​​German defense in the Warsaw area. July 28, 1944 № 157.  For seizing the assault in East Prussia, the city of Gumbinnen, an important communications hub and a strong stronghold of German defense in the Koenigsberg area. January 21, 1945. No. 238.  For storming the cities of Heilsberg and Friedland, they were important communications hubs and strong strongholds of the German defense in the central regions of East Prussia. January 31, 1945. No. 267.  For taking possession of Preis Eylau, an important communications hub and a strong stronghold of German defense in East Prussia. February 10, 1945. No. 272.  For the completion of the liquidation of the surrounded East-Prussian group of German troops south-west of Koenigsberg. March 29, 1945. No. 317.  For the complete mastery of the capital of Germany, the city of Berlin - the center of German imperialism and the center of German aggression. May 2, 1945. No. 359.


 * Foreign States


 * Cross For Distinguished Service (1944, USA)

Memory
In honor of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Shvarev in the city of Maysky (Kabardino-Balkaria) a street is named.