User:Azhin Muhamad

Carabus monilis
Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia

Phylum:	Arthropoda

Class:	Insecta

Order:	Coleoptera

Family:	Carabidae

Genus:	Carabus

Division:	Carabus div. Carabogenici

Subdivision:	Carabus subdiv. Lipastrimorphi

Subgenus:	Carabus (Morphocarabus)

Species:	C. monilis

 Adult morphology

	Body size

Adults body length ranges from 23 to 29.8 mm This statistics, based on a small number of individuals, will be improved.

	Head

short mandibles Second antennal segment basally flattened

 Internal anatomy

	Digestive tract

Digestive tract structure is of a common type in ground beetles. Crop is enlarged as is often seen in predator species. Body color is highly variable: •	Black elytra •	Black elytra with green metallic-shining margins •	Green elytra Male antennal segments 7 to 9 with a ventral dimple.

 Activity of Carabus monilis

Activity is high in Spring and decreases in Summer. At each sampling date, a high standard deviation is found, indicating an important between-site variability. It seems possible that phenology varies with altitude, though this remains to be ascertained. Data in hillsides indicate either that the maximum yearly activity is rather in Summer or that the spring maximum is maintained throughout Summer.  Predation:- C. monilis F. is preyed upon by Myotis myotis Borkhausen (greater mouse- eared bat). Fecal matters studies carried out in Meurthe-et-Moselle showed that it represented 10% of the identified coleoptera  Parasites:- C. monilis F. is parasitized by: •	Nematodes belonging to the Rhabditidae family •	Flies : Freraea gagathea Meig. (Diptera Tachinidae)  Habitats:- Sampling results confirm the beetle's ubiquist behavior. It is present in arable lands, where its activity can be high. But it is also one one of the most frequent ground beetle species in woodlands. If some varieties proved able to colonize wetlands, they are not found in the ponds and marshes surviving or built in agricultural landscapes (Habitat "Marshes", here under). It seems likely that these habitats are not enough shadowed and too thermophilous. In other French regions, C. monilis F. was observed in highlands greenweed heathlands (Habitat "Heathland"). This was not the case in Northeastern France. But samplings in those areas were carried out in 2003, when a severe summer drought highly impacted insects faunas and probably affected activity estimates.  Ecological behavior:- This species was found in all forest habitats, but its activity is the highest in the central zone (zone C). It should normally cross forest margins, since it was observed in agricultural landscapes and therefore be found in the A zone. No activity is featured for that zone, because it was not looked for in it.