User:Aziza2001/Dzhangir-Khan

Zhangir-Kerey Khan (1801 — August 11, 1845) Khan Inner (bukeyev) Horde (1823-1845), son of Bokey Khan, the founder of the Bokey Horde.

Biography
On June 22, 1823, Russian Emperor Alexander I Pavlovich signed a decree appointing Zhangir Khan of the bukeev Horde.

In 1840 Zhangir-Kerey Khan received the rank of major General of the Russian army. In his youth, Dzhangir Khan received primary education from a home teacher-Mullah, then by the will of his father lived and was brought up in the family of the Astrakhan Governor S. S. Andreevsky. He received European education, knew Russian, Persian, Arabic and partially German. He was a frequent guest of Kazan University. After one of the Khan's visits to the University, local scientists wrote a book "Stay in Kazan of the Kyrgyz Khan Jian-Gyr" (1826). Zhangir Khan presented 6 valuable ancient manuscripts in Arabic, Persian and Turkic languages to the library of the University.

Dzhangir Khan had his own house in the Khan's rate (Horde) and in Astrakhan, a trading yard in Saratov and Parking in Orenburg. Zhangir-Kerey Khan often visited St. Petersburg, participated in the coronation of Russian Emperor Nicholas I Pavlovich, visited Kazan and the North Caucasus.

Zhangir-Kerey Khan was an ambitious ruler who purposefully sought to strengthen his political power among the Kazakhs by expanding the Khan's powers and centralizing the management system in the Horde. As a person who had a high enough level of education for the steppe monarch of that time, he was in many ways different from the Kazakh rulers who had preceded him, he approached the problem of strengthening the Khan's power in the Steppe and at the same time focused on the well-known model of Russian autocratic rule.

Zhangir Khan began to give public land to private individuals. First, he gave them to local chiefs as a reward for their service, and then began to sell for money, issuing special acts. Essentially, it boiled down to complete the theft of land. This agricultural policy of the Khan, aimed at the feudalization of the Horde, sharply aggravated and aggravated social relations. A third of the population of the buke Horde was completely without land, many were forced to rent it from neighbors in the nearby Russian provinces. Widespread mining, the land began to turn into an object of trade. This situation was skillfully used by the tsarist government in order to colonize the territory of the Kazakh khanate. Zhangir Khan became an active conductor of the policy of tsarist power. One of the main economic restrictions for the Kazakh people was the prohibition of settlement of the territory by Kazakhs on the banks of the Volga and Ural rivers, as well as the Caspian sea. Kazakhs had no right to water cattle and fish from these rivers.

This policy of Zhangir Khan led to a popular uprising led by Isatay Taimanov and Makhambet Utemisov (1836-1837). The uprising was a protest against the policy of feudal lords and Russian colonialists. Zhangir Khan suppressed the uprising with the help of Russian troops.

Foreign policy
Zhangir Khan had friendly and economic relations with the Russian Empire. Several times visited the capital and cities of Russia. In 1826 he participated in the coronation of Nicholas I. During the coronations, foreign diplomats visited the Khan's reception. In 1845 he visited St. Petersburg, met with the Emperor of Russia Nicholas I. He was awarded the order of St. Anne I-th degree for the development of bilateral relations.

Family
Zhangir Khan had three wives: Hughes Hanım, Fatima (d. 1845) — the daughter of the famous Orenburg mufti Mukhamedzhan Khusainov (1756-1824) and Salih (mind. 1852), daughter of the captain of the Internal Horde Guard-Khodzha Babadzhanov as. From these wives he had sons: Seyid Giray, Sahib Giray, Ibrahim, Zulkarnay Iskander Ismail, Ahmed Giray, he was born and daughter zulaikha, Taisha and Khadisha. Eldest daughter, zulaikha was subsequently married to a descendant of the famous nobleman, Colonel Alexander Tevkelev, who lived in Orenburg.

Death
In 1845 Zhangir-Kerey Khan died. There are three versions of the Khan's death: according to some sources, Zhangir was killed by a Barber, before meeting with Tsar Nicholas I. According to another version, he died of a stroke. But there were rumors that he was poisoned.

According to the will of Zhangir Khan, his heir was to be his beloved son Sahib-Kerey, who in 1845 was 16 years old. He studied at the Imperial page corps, and his mother, Fatima, called him from St. Petersburg. In July 1847, on his way from St. Petersburg to the steppes, Sahib-Kerey Khan died suddenly. Despite the fact that Zhangir-Kerey Khan had several other sons, the Khan's title in the buke Horde was abolished.