User:BC1278/sandbox/Scotts

The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Marysville, Ohio, where O.M. Scott began selling lawn seed in 1868. By 2009, the company "controlled more than half of the market in consumer pesticides, fertilizers, soils and grass seeds" with operations focused primarily on North America. In the U.S., the company's brands include Scotts, Miracle-Gro, Ortho and Roundup. Its Hawthorne Gardening subsidiary sells specialized supplies for hydroponic growing.

Overview
The company manufactures and sells consumer lawn, garden and pest control products. Among their offerings are consumer fertilizers, plant foods, soils and mulches, pest controls, grass seed and bird food. The company's principal consumer brands in North America are Scotts, Miracle-Gro, and Ortho. In addition, Scotts is Monsanto's North American agent for the marketing and distribution of the consumer pesticide Roundup.

In 2013, CEO Jim Hagedorn decided to start to invest in hydroponic growing supplies, as part of its Hawthorne Gardening subsidiary, buying General Hydroponics for $120 million in 2015 and Sunlight Supplies for $450 million in 2018. During the same time period, it exited the European and Australian markets in 2017 and the lawn services business in 2019.

History
Scotts was founded in 1868, by Orlando Scott as a premium seed company for the U.S. agricultural industry. In the early 1900s, the company began a lawn grass seed business for homeowners and, in 1924, became the first to ship grass seed products directly to stores. Prior to that, consumers could purchase Scotts seed only through the mail. By 1940, Scotts's sales had reached $1,000,000 and the company had 66 associates.

For the next 15 years the company focused on developing new products to combat weeds, fertilize grass and develop automated electronic seed processing and packaging plants.

In the early 1960s, Scotts started selling a "program" of products for lawns; established special training classes to help retailers better assist customers in developing their lawns; received a U.S. Patent for Trionized bonding which produced fertilizers that delivered sustained feeding; and introduced a complete line of Turf Builder combination products. By the end of 1971, the company had added two new divisions to its portfolio: the Golf Course Division, developed to promote an exclusive line of professional products for golf courses and other large institutional accounts; and Scotts LawnService, established after Scotts found a significant "do-it-for-me" customer segmentation. The service offers on-site lawn, tree and shrub fertilization, insect control and other related services through its network of 160 locations. The company also launched a direct-to-consumer helpline allowing lawn owners to call Scotts for advice and assistance.

Later that year, privately owned O.M. Scott & Sons was purchased by ITT, the international business conglomerate. Fifteen years later, Scotts became an independent company through a leveraged buyout from ITT. In 1992, Scotts became a publicly traded company with an initial offering of $19.00 a share. Three years later, it merged with Miracle-Gro, a gardening company, to create the Scotts Miracle-Gro Company.

During the 2012 United States presidential election the company endorsed the election of Republican Party candidate Mitt Romney

Sale of bird seed in 2005–2008
On January 27, 2012, Scotts Miracle-Gro agreed to plead guilty in federal court and pay $4.5 million in fines for selling 73 million units of bird seed from November 2005 to March 2008 that was coated with pesticide known to be deadly to birds and fish. Pesticides were added to protect the product from insects during storage, notwithstanding that Storcide II, one of the pesticides used, was clearly marked as extremely toxic to birds. Records show that its own experts warned of the risk in the summer and fall of 2007 and yet Scotts continued to sell the deadly product until March 2008. In 2008, Scotts Miracle-Gro also falsified pesticide registration numbers required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on its products.

On September 7, 2012, in Ohio, a federal court sentenced Scotts to pay a $4 million fine and perform community service for 11 criminal violations of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In a separate agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency, Scotts agreed to pay more than $6 million in penalties and spend $2 million on environmental projects. According to the Justice Department, both the criminal and civil settlements are the largest under FIFRA to date.

GM Grass
Scotts has developed several genetically modified grasses, including herbicide-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass. In 2007, the U.S. Department of Agriculture fined Scotts Miracle-Gro $500,000 when modified DNA from GM creeping bentgrass, was found within relatives of the same genus (Agrostis) as well as in native grasses up to 21 km from the test sites.

Peat bogs in the UK
In 2001 Scotts was involved in a major dispute with nature conservation bodies and the UK Government about the future of several peat bogs in the north of England. Under pressure from the European Union the UK government moved to declare a number of peat bogs, covering an area of 4097 acres in Yorkshire and Cumbria, as Special Areas of Conservation, thus ending Scotts ability to harvest peat for their garden products. During the course of the dispute Nick Kirkbride, the then managing director of Scotts in Britain, described the peat bogs as having "no more conservation interest than a ploughed field". The peat bogs were eventually saved from further destruction by the payment by the UK government of compensation of £17 million to Scotts for loss of the right to extract peat.

Mergers and acquisitions

 * 1914 - The O.M. Scott & Sons Company was incorporated.
 * 1977 - Scotts introduced its retail product line into Canada through a distributorship arrangement with Home Hardware.
 * 1988 - Scotts acquired the lawn and garden business of Hyponex Corporation, the largest producer and marketer of organic growing media products in the U.S.
 * 1992 - Scotts acquired Republic Tool & Manufacturing Company, providing total quality control over the manufacture of Scotts spreaders.
 * 1993 - Scotts acquired the Grace-Sierra Horticultural Products Company, adding controlled-release fertilizer technologies such as Osmocote, along with other brands including Metro-Mix, Banrot and Peters. In addition, Sierra also brought on board a well-established international organization for manufacturing, sales, and distribution. This organization began in 1964 when Archer Daniels Midland Company produced the first-ever resin-coated controlled-release fertilizer.
 * 1995 - Scotts merged with Miracle-Gro Products, Inc.
 * 1997 - Miracle Care Garden Ltd.: Approximately a third of the growing U.K. lawn and garden products company was owned by Miracle-Gro at the time of the 1995 merger, and in January 1997, Scotts purchased the remaining interest in the company.
 * 1997 - Scotts acquired Emerald Green Lawn Service, which would become Scotts Lawn Service in 1998.
 * 1997 - Scotts purchased privately held Levington Horticulture Ltd., to expand into the U.K. horticulture market
 * 1998 - The company acquired the organics company EarthGro, Inc., expanding access to mass merchant retailers and home centers in the Northeast region
 * 1998 - The company acquired 80% ownership of plant breeding company Sanford Scientific, Inc. (SSI).
 * 1998 - Scotts acquired Rhône-Poulenc Jardin, continental Europe's largest consumer lawn and garden products company. Rhône-Poulenc Jardin manufactures and sells a full line of consumer lawn and garden pesticides, fertilizers and growing media products in France, Germany, the Benelux countries, Austria, Italy, and Spain.
 * 1998 - Scotts acquired the Shamrock brand of U.K. and Irish peat products form Bord na Mona, Ireland.
 * 1998 - Scotts entered into a collaboration with the Monsanto Company to apply biotechnology products to the turfgrass and ornamental plants business. Under the agreement, Scotts and Monsanto agreed to share technologies, including Monsanto's extensive genetic library of plant traits and Scotts' proprietary gene gun technology to produce transgenic turfgrasses and ornamental plants.
 * 1998 - Scotts completed an acquisition with ASEF — a privately held Benelux-based lawn and garden products company. ASEF is a leading consumer lawn and garden products company—with operations in the Netherlands and Belgium — selling fertilizers, growing media, and pesticides.
 * 1999 - Entering into the pesticide industry, Scotts completed agreements with Monsanto Company for exclusive U.S., Canada, U.K., France, Germany, and Australia agency and marketing rights to Monsanto's consumer Roundup herbicide products and for the purchase of the Ortho and related lawn and garden businesses.
 * 2000 - Scotts acquired Substral, a leading consumer fertilizer brand in many European countries, including Germany, Austria, Belgium, France and Nordics. Scotts also purchased Smith & Hawken, a leading brand of garden-inspired products that includes pottery, watering equipment, gardening tools, outdoor furniture and live goods.
 * 2005 - Scotts entered into the U.S. wild bird food market through the acquisition of the Morning Song brand.
 * 2010- Scotts sells
 * 2014 - Scotts Miracle-Gro sells wild bird food line to Global Harvest Foods Ltd.
 * 2015 - Scotts Miracle-Gro buys General Hydroponics and Vermicrop Organics to move into the marijuana market, under the name Hawthorne Gardening Company
 * 2015 - Scotts Lawn Service merges with ServiceMaster's TruGreen, becoming the largest lawn care company in North America.
 * 2016 - The Hawthorne Gardening also purchased Gavita Horticultural Lighting and American Agritech known as Botanicare to fill out their cannabis portfolio.
 * 2016 - Scotts acquired Blossom, a California manufacturer of Internet enabled sprinkler systems.
 * 2016 - Scotts and Bonnie Plants, the largest maker of edible plants in the U.S., enter into a joint venture.
 * 2017 - Scotts acquired Can-Filters, a Canadian-based carbon filter manufacturer and fan wholesaler under their Hawthorne Gardening Co. brand.
 * 2017 - Scotts sells its European and Australian operations and brands to Exponent Private Equity LLP.
 * 2018 - Scotts Miracle-Gro announced its plan to acquire Sunlight Supply Inc., a hydroponics supplier, for $450 million in cash and stock.
 * 2019: Scotts sells its minority stake in TruGreen for $234 million.

United States

 * Black Magic
 * Blossom
 * Bovung
 * Can-Filters
 * Earthgro
 * Ecoscraps
 * Gavita
 * General Hydroponics
 * Greenlight
 * Hawthorne Gardening Company
 * Hyponex
 * Miracle-Gro
 * Ortho
 * Ortho Elementals
 * Osmocote
 * Scotts
 * Scotts Lawn Service
 * Supersoil
 * TOMCAT
 * Vermicrop Organics
 * Whitney Farms

Outside the U.S.

 * Can-Filters
 * Celaflor
 * Evergreen
 * Fertiligene
 * Gavita Holland B.V.
 * KB
 * Pathclear
 * Scotts Ecosense
 * Substral
 * Weedol