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TOPPLES Framework of Information Security Risks

TOPPLES is a framework of informatiion security risks (ISRs), which was created by Baber Majid Bhatti, Sameera Mubarak and Sev Nagalingam and was initially published in Twenty-fifth Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS) in July 2021. The framework was an outcome of their research on factors impacting Information security risk management in informaton technology outsourcing (ITO).

The study named the framework as TOPPLES, which is an acronym formed by taking the first letter of each of its seven dimensions. The seven dimensions of this framework are technology, organisation, people, process, legal, environment, and strategy.