User:Bacongirl78/sandbox

= DMT1 =

Iron-Responsive Element and Transport Regulation
There are two known isoforms of DMT1 mRNA, one containing an Iron response element (IRE) while the other does not possess this IRE (non-IRE). The IRE is contained in the Three prime untranslated region in the mRNA, and is thought to be the reason for regulatory iron uptake properties in the Duodenum. Therefore, it would be expected that the concentration of dietary iron is inversely proportional to the mRNA expression. That is, when dietary iron is in low concentration then mRNA expression would increase to maximize iron uptake in the duodenum. Alternatively, when dietary iron is in high concentration mRNA expression would decrease to lower the iron absorption.



In a study performed by Gunshin et al., 2001, rats were fed an iron-deficient diet. After 3 weeks, the rats showed a substantial increase of 50-100 fold of the intestinal DMT1 mRNA levels, which indicates that intestinal DMT1 mRNA responds to cellular iron concentrations or dietary factors to attempt to regulate the absorption of iron. Although a substantial increase in intestinal DMT1 mRNA was documented, only minor increases (~1.5-3-fold) in kidney, liver, brain, heart and lung DMT1 mRNA was observed, indicating that duodenum DMT mRNA is much more responsive in terms of regulating iron absorption.

Mutations Affecting Iron Transport
Mutations occurring in trans-membrane domain 4 in microcytic anemia mice and Belgrade rats showed decreased transport of iron by DMT1. The transport of iron across membranes was hindered from: Defects in DMT1 can lead due to reduced uptake of dietary iron, resulting in Iron-deficiency anemia.
 * the duodenum into enterocytes, and
 * plasma transferrin into erythroid precursor cells

Future Medication Applications
[[File:IRE Stem-loop.png|thumb|IRE stem-loop structure of the 3’-untranslated region in a mouse, rat, rabbit, and human. The stem-loop structure remains unchanged (CAGUG) across the species studied. There is a single unpaired C as indicated with a box, and an unpaired U as indicated by a circle. It is possible that the unpaired U in the stem-loop structure can affect the structure of the IRE and interfere with iron regulatory protein binding, causing inhibition of feedback of cellular iron concentration.
 * 500x500px]]Some individuals have issues with an abnormally high concentration of iron in the body. A quite common disease known as Hemochromatosis can lead to toxic iron concentrations in the body, affecting the performance of the liver, causing joint pain and many other symptoms. These individuals may benefit from medications that inhibit the intestinal DMT1 transporter.

Small Edits
DMT1 also transports cobalt (Co2+) and lead (Pb2+).

DMT1 functions best at lower pH's, at approximately pH=6.

DMT1 has a molecular mass of 70-75kD.

DMT1 was first identified in 1994 by Gruenheid et al. (1994).

Properties of 4′,4′′′′-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)
4′,4′′′′-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)
 * Molecular formula: C36H24N6
 * Molar mass: 540.62 g mol-1
 * Melting point: 340 °C
 * Boiling point: N/A
 * Solubility in water: N/A

4′,4′′′′-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)

Chemical bond

4′,4′′′′-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)

Photoreduction of 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol by Diphenylcarbazide: A Photosystem 2 Reaction Catalyzed by Tris-Washed Chloroplasts and Subchloroplast Fragments

Structural models for the metal centers in the nitrogenase molybdenum-iron protein

Nitrogenase MoFe-Protein at 1.16 Å Resolution: A Central Ligand in the FeMo-Cofactor

Chemical Properties of Reagent Ethanol and Isopropanol
$$R^2 = 1 - (SS_E/SS_T) $$