User:Bailey.oregan15/sandbox

Cheating:

I plan to add the personality psychological aspect of cheating into this page. I am thinking of possibly creating a new header in the article but I may also add within each section. I am interested in adding to the "Sports" section of the page in regards to cheating but also in adultery which is not mentioned in the article. What makes someone cheat? Who is more likely to cheat? Are there similar personality traits that seem to appear in those who do cheat? These are the types of questions I would like to answer in this page. My goal is to find 5 sources as the page only has 18 so far.

An important note about this article is that there is a warning at the top indicating that the article is written like a "personal reflection or option essay", this gives me an opportunity to find concrete evidence to support the claims or opinions addressed. My goal is to also help create some "evenness" to the article with facts and personal opinion.

Article: Cheating

Section editing: Sports

It can also be connected to personality traits as well. Psychology plays a large role in someone’s intentions to cheat at a sport through a person’s personality traits. A study conducted by Edward Dutton and Richard Lynn in 2015, provided evidence that cheating in sports and racial differences correlated with psychopathic personality traits. Cheating is a major behavior issue associated with psychopathic personality traits (Dutton & Lynn, 2015). In this study, evidence was gathered through the National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), and the English Premier League Football (Soccer). Results indicated that black people were over-represented, while white peoples were under-represented among those who cheat in the NFL, NBA, and the English Premier League (Dutton & Lynn, 2015). Cheaters have also been found, in other studies, to be less agreeable and conscientious then those who chose not to cheat (Dutton & Lynn, 2015). Another reason for their findings is that most of these sports chosen have more African-American members then Caucasian members, making the results have more of an impact of race. A genetic influence was also discussed, in which the body types of players influence the ability for different races to play the sport. In the NBA, it can be expected that the West African body type is more dominant in the sport of basketball then the European body type (Dutton & Lynn, 2015). This then indicates the reason there are fewer white NBA players. One final explanation is the idea that there is more white privilege in parts of the world, leading to an “uneven playing field for those who are black. This then leads to more poverty which effects people’s decisions to cheat in the world, such as crime. This trend, although small can be seen in the world of sports. This is not to say that only those of African decent cheat, but rather, the world is uneven at times which leads to choices of cheating outside of sports, which then effects people’s decisions to cheat in sports (Dutton & Lynn, 2015).

Article: Cheating

Section editing: Academic

Academic dishonesty continues to be a problem in high schools and secondary education. In a study conducted by Tamara Giluk and Bennett Postlethwaite, research was conducted to determine if the traits from the Big Five personality traits theory had any effect on student’s academic integrity. All five traits effect whether a person is likely to cheat and is explained in detail. Findings suggested that conscientiousness and agreeableness have the strongest relationship with academic dishonesty (Giluk & Postlethwaite, 2015).

Another study done to determine whether personality has anything to do with academic misconduct, found that minor cheating was more prevalent then serious cheating, prudent personalities are less likely to cheat or help others, people are more likely to help their friends cheat then strangers, and past cheating behaviour effects peoples choice to help others cheat (Stone, Scrimpshire, Kisamore & Jawahar, 2016). This study wanted to discover what personality factors effect someone’s desire to help others cheat, who is being helped, and how people rationalize why helping others cheat is acceptable (Scrimpshire, et al., 2016). Results confirmed the hypothesis that were addressed. Findings suggested that students do not cheat alone. The data collected had evidence suggesting that minor cheating such as copying or working together as a group is more common then cheating on exams (Scrimpshire, et al., 2016). The severity of the cheating has been a line that most students understand and will not cross. Cheating and helping others academically can, over time, create a culture where this type of academic offence becomes acceptable. Although there were not implications of any personality trait implicating the students, the results concluded that friends will help each other cheat to a certain extent. This implies that minor cheating is something that is accepted and done regularly.