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Pregnancy specific biological substances, includes the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and amniotic membrane of which amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid, two important components of the PSBS are currently being studied for use in a number of medical conditions.

Amniotic fluid and Membrane cellular composition
The Amniotic fluid and the amniotic membrane has a rich content of different types of stem cells. The fibroblasts of the Amniotic membrane provides lining and strengthening of the tissues and act as a biological scaffold during wound healing process. The presence of other important extracellular components of the amniotic membrane and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) along with their inhibitors helps in maintaining a controlled growth and healing of the wound. The human amniotic fluid is rich in Amniocytes which are a pool of self-renewal cells expressing distinct pluripotent stem cell markers. These cells along with amniotic epithelial stem cells can induce pluripotency under in vitro conditions.In vitro studies with rodent and human amniotic fluid has revealed that the Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, a rare population of potent stem cells have a better doubling time,no requirement for a feeder layer to grow in vitro and can form all the three germ layers and are non-tumorigenic in nature.

Amniotic membrane and fluid in wound healing
Since more than a century, the application of Amniotic membrane for ocular surface chemical burns have been practised. Amniotic membrane dressing has also been used successfully in patients with pterygium surgery, cicatricial pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

In some countries, fire-related deaths are very common de to extensive burning and lack of emergency wound dressing. Amniotic membrane have been used extensively and successfully as an emergency dressing material to cover full and partial thickness burns for more than a century. In 1999, clinical applications of freshly collected and fully screened amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid were used in a number of medical conditions for the first time.