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The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through ranked voting in multi-seat constituencies (voting districts). Under STV, an elector has a single vote that is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, as the count proceeds and candidates are either elected or eliminated, is transferred to the remaining candidates according to the voter's preference, in proportion to any surplus votes for the elected candidates, or the discarded votes of the eliminated candidates. The exact method of reapportioning votes can vary (see Differing counting methods).

It is a special case, being a single-winner system, of the single transferable vote, a multiple-winner system.

It is, being a single-winner system, a special case of the single transferable vote, a multiple-winner system.

In effect it is the single transferable vote constrained to a single winner (STV is a multiple-winner system).