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Cosmos and Universes

Cosmos and Universes
The Cosmos is the eternal infinite Euclidean space that contains all the fields plus matter and energy, and since energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but only be changed from one form to another, the cosmos has always existed. The zero-point field (also called the vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy. It is a sort of ether and the background for all quantum phenomena including the propagation of photons and virtual photons, where photons are the basic units of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, while the virtual photons are forming the electromagnetic force fields.

The zero-point field normally contains no physical particles, but particles may pop up and disappear when the field get a contribution of energy. The existence of the zero-point field has been experimentally verified by the Casimir effect, and according to Maxwell's equations the electromagnetic fields propagate with the constant velocity c = (ε0μ0)-½ relative to the ZPF, where (ε0) is the electric constant and (μ0) the magnetic constant of the zero-point field. Around the year 1862, Maxwell calculated the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves. Since the speed proved to be very close to the speed of light, Maxwell wrote: "We can scarcely avoid the conclusion that light consists in the transverse undulations of the same medium which is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena." (J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson, James Clerk Maxwell, School of Mathematics and Statistics, 1862.)

Consider a solid body. The virtual photons that constitute the electromagnetic forces that hold the atoms together in the body are moving with the constant velocity of light (ε0μ0)-½ relative to the zero-point field. So, when the body moves relative to the zero-point field, the speed of the virtual photons will change in relation to the body. This changes the electromagnetic fields surrounding the atoms. In order to maintain an equilibrium state, the atoms will then have to move relative to each other. This means, that there is a physical explanation for the length contractions.

The Compton effect shows that the electromagnetic waves can be perceived as a flow of particles, each with the energy E = hf.

Even the relation E = mc2, and the gravitational induced time dilation, can be deduced from the classical laws. The relation implies that the mass is of electromagnetic nature, since m = E/c2 = e0µ0E ~ e0µ0eV, whereby it will be possible to submit a TOE (theory of everything), as the primary problem here is that general relativity and quantum mechanics are impossible to unify. Therefore, the theory provides a platform for answering many of the questions that for the moment seem almost insurmountable.

However, Einstein's theory of relativity does not give a physical explanation for the existence of length contractions. In short, a theory, that explains how an observer in one inertial system (A) perceives the lengths and times in another inertial system (B), cannot produce a physical length contraction or time dilation. Such material alterations can only arise because of a physical change of the electromagnetic forces that keep the atoms and molecules together. Therefore, when a news media pronounces that a measurement or experiment confirms special relativity, the result of the measurement is not a consequence of Einstein's relativity, but a result of the physical laws that appear when objects move in relation to the electromagnetic or the gravitational field.

Since relativistic physical phenomena such as the length contraction and the "time dilation" occur when solid bodies have a velocity relative to the zero-point field, and thereby a velocity relative to the propagation speed of the virtual particles that hold the bodies together, the length contraction can be derived by means of Coulomb's law. That is, there is a physical reason for the length contraction. So, when a solid body moves relative to the zero-point field, it moves also relative to the forces that bind it together, so the body will thrink.

Since the traveled length is a function of time, a material length contraction will seemingly give rise to a "time dilation", since it takes less time to move the shorter distance at the same velocity (v). However, if the length has been reduced by "1/gamma" the time will likewise be reduced by "1/gamma", so the speed of the passing of time has not changed. This means that the time axis is just as linear as the three space coordinates, so the space is Euclidean. The clocks may however be wrong because of a length contraction.