User:Bamse/Japanese historical periods

Asuka period
Lower limit: Name: after Asuka, Yamato
 * 538: introduction of Buddhism to Japan, traditional date (according to Jōgū Shōtoku Hōō Teisetsu)
 * 552: introduction of Buddhism to Japan (according to Nihon Shoki)
 * 592: start of official adoption of Buddhism following the assassination of Emperor Sushun by Soga no Umako

Nara period
Lower limit:
 * 645: establishment of a centralized government following the Taika Reform
 * 708: accession of Empress Gemmei, copper found in japan?
 * 710: move of capital from Fujiwara-kyō to Heijō-kyō (Nara)

Name: after the capital which was located at Heijō-kyō (Nara) from 710-740 and again from 745-784

Heian period
Lower limit:
 * 794: capital moved to Heian-kyō
 * 784: capital moved to Nagaoka-kyō
 * 781: accession of Emperor Kammu
 * 806: death of Emperor Kammu?

Name: after capital at Heian-kyō (Kyoto)

Kamakura period
Lower limit:
 * 1180: move of capital to Fukuhara-kyō enforced by Taira no Kiyomori
 * 1183: flight of Taira from capital
 * 1185: end of Genpei War; most conventional (e.g. Cambridge History of Japan)
 * 1192: Minamoto no Yoritomo appointed as shogun

Name: after Kamakura shogunate located in Kamakura

Muromachi period
Name: after Muromachi Street in Kyoto where Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established his residence

Azuchi-Momoyama period
Lower limit:
 * 1573: downfall of Ashikaga clan (in political history)
 * 1596: first year of Keichō era (in sword history)

Name: after Azuchi Castle and Momoyama Castle (castles of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi respectively)

Azuchi period
Lower limit
 * 1569: year after Nobunage occupies Kyoto and initiates period of military consolidation

Momoyama period
Lower limit
 * 1582: death of Nobunaga

Edo period
Lower limit:
 * 1600: decisive victory for the Tokugawa at the Battle of Sekigahara
 * 1601: (in political history)
 * 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes shogun
 * 1615: last resistance to Tokugawa rule eliminated at Siege of Osaka
 * 1616: death of Ieyasu
 * 1644: cultural influence of Momoyama period continued until Kan'ei era (in cultural history)

Upper limit:
 * 1867: last Tokugawa shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, resigns
 * 1868: Meiji Restoration, Tokyo becomes capital

Cultural History

 * Asuka period
 * Hakuho period
 * Tempyo period
 * Jogan period
 * Fujiwara period
 * Kamakura p.
 * Muromachi p.

History of Swords

 * jokotō (上古刀, ancient sword): until mid-Heian period
 * kotō (古刀, "old sword"): mid-Heian period to 1596
 * shintō (新刀, "new sword"): 1596 to end of 18th century
 * shinshintō (新々刀, "new-new sword"): late 18th century to ca. 1876