User:BandaOH/Macedonian language between the two world wars

The division of Macedonia (Македонија) between the neighboring countries after the Balkan wars (Балканските војни) made socio-cultural and educational-educational life difficult and made the language situation in Macedonia more complicated. This event has a devastating significance for the Macedonian people. In the period between the two world wars in Macedonia, depending on its division, the languages ​​of the neighboring states were officially put into use: in the south (Aegean Macedonia) - Greek; in the north (Vardar Macedonia) - Serbian; in the east (Pirin Macedonia) - Bulgarian.

This period is characterized by the assimilation policy of the neighboring countries towards the Macedonian people. This policy almost extinguishes Macedonian national consciousness, especially until the 1930s. This situation is improving from the thirties to the early forties, although it is very unfavorable in historical circumstances. The Macedonian language has been banned from official use throughout this period, in accordance with the laws of the countries in which parts of Macedonia have been incorporated.

The harshest measures against the Macedonian people are carried out in Aegean Macedonia (Егејска Македонија), within Greece: the Macedonian language is prohibited by special law even for domestic use, and strict penalties are applied to Macedonians who do not comply with this law. This policy of Greece was also presented in front of the League of Nations (Друштвото на народите). Under these pressures, the Greek government began preparing a primer on Macedonian language - Abecedar (Абецедар) (1924).

The Abecedar contained a short reading in Macedonian language intended for learning the alphabet, it was written in a Lerin dialect (Лерински говор), in Latin alphabet but never found practical application because of the resistance of the Greek authorities. Despite this, with the Abecedar the Macedonian population and the Macedonian language were officially recognized.

The question of opening Macedonian schools in Greece was re-actualized in 1935 but was not resolved.

In Vardar Macedonia, within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later crossing into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) language was officially imposed. It was the language of administration, of education, and applied to all spheres of public communication. The Macedonian language was reduced to a dialectal language for home use. Despite this, the Macedonian language finds its use in the form of regional literature.

It becomes the language of the theater scene: plays are written and performed in Macedonian. This form was in line with the theatrical tradition of writing and performing folk dramas of folk speech on stage in several theatrical scenes in Yugoslavia at the time. This activity in Macedonia begins with the play "Lenche Kumanovce" (1928), later renamed "Begalka" by Vasil Iljoski, written in Kumanovo dialect, but is more noticeable with the performance of the play "Pecalbari" (1935).

Instead of his native dialect, Anton Panov (Антон Панов) from Strumica wrote his play in the West Macedonian dialect. This was in line with the established practice of raising the western Macedonian dialect to the level of literary language. Risto Krle (Ристо Крле) also plays on these commitments with the play "Парите се отепувачка", which he wrote on Struga's dialect (струшки дијалек ).

These plays stir up cultural life in Macedonia between the two world wars and affirm the use of the Macedonian language.

Macedonian literary works also appear in poetry. This is especially evident with the restoration of Kocho Racin's (Кочо Рацин) "White Dawn" („Бели мугри“) (1939). With the release of this book, the official Yugoslav administration confronted the fact that the Macedonian language was experiencing an emancipation of the literary language.

Racin's "White Dawns" („Бели мугри“) (Croatia, Samobor - 1939) reinforced the role of central Macedonian speeches as the basis for Macedonian literary language.

In Bulgaria, the Macedonian language is banned for official use, and Bulgaria's assimilation policy aims to destroy the Macedonian national identity. During this period, Pirin Macedonia was a deaf province within the Bulgarian state. Macedonian cultural life in Bulgaria comes to life through the activity of Macedonian emigration to Sofia, organized through the Macedonian literary circle (Македонскиот литературен кружок). Some of the most significant literary works that appear during this period are Kole Nedelkovski's (Коле Неделковски) poetry collections: "M'Skavici" („М’скавици“) (1940) and "A Walk in the World" („Пеш по светот“) (1941).

From 1944 to 1948 the use of the Macedonian literary language in Pirin Macedonia (Пиринска Македонија) (in the composition of the People's Republic of Bulgaria) was revived through the opening of schools, theater and other forms of cultural emancipation of the Macedonian people.

Category:History of the Macedonian language