User:Banerjee12/S-Nitrosylation

The reverse of S-nitrosylation is denitrosylation, principally an enzymically controlled process. Multiple enzymes have been described to date, which fall into two main classes mediating denitrosylation of protein and low molecular weight SNOs, respectively. S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is exemplary of the low molecular weight class; it accelerates the decomposition of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and of SNO-proteins in equilibrium with GSNO. The enzyme is highly conserved from bacteria to humans. Thioredoxin (Trx)-related proteins, including Trx1 and 2 in mammals, catalyze the direct denitrosylation of S-nitrosoproteins   (in addition to their role in transnitrosylation ). Aberrant S-nitrosylation (and denitrosylation) has been implicated in multiple diseases, including heart disease, cancer and asthma  as well as  neurological disorders, including stroke, chronic degenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease)   , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) , different psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging.