User:Barbara Thomson/sandbox

List of food contamination incidentsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. Food may be accidentally or deliberately contaminated by microbiological, chemical or physical hazards. In contrast to microbiologically caused foodborne illness,the link between exposure and effect of chemical hazards in foods is usually complicated by cumulative low doses and the delay between exposure and the onset of symptoms. An "incident" of chemical food contamination may be defined as an episodic occurrence of adverse health effects in humans (or animals that might be consumed by humans) following high exposure to particular chemicals, or instances where episodically high concentrations of chemical hazards were detected in the food chainm, and traced back to a particular event[13].

Accidental contamination as well as intentional adulterations:

2009 Hola Pops from Mexico contaminated with lead.[1] 2008 Baby milk scandal, in China, with melamine from the contaminated protein working into the food chain a year later.[2] 2007 pet food recalls which was part of the Chinese protein export contamination of using melamine as an adulterant 1989 Belgian milk contamination with Dioxin [9] 1991 Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome 1987 Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation paid $2.2 million, then the largest fine issued, for violating the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act by selling artificially flavored sugar water as apple juice. John F. Lavery, the company's vice president for operations was convicted in criminal court and sentenced to a year and a day in jail; Niels L. Hoyvald, the president of the company, also convicted, served six months of community service. Each of them also paid a $100,000 fine.[3] 1986 Adulteration of Italian wines with ethylene glycol killed more than 18 people.[4] 1985 Adulteration of Austrian wines with diethylene glycol.[4] 1978 Two pensioners in Yardley, South Birmingham, UK die after eating tinned John West Salmon, contaminated with Botulism 1976 Seveso dioxin contamination[10] 1972 mercury poisoning in Iraq kills 100 to 400 as seeds treated with mercury as a fungicide that are meant for planting are used as food.[5] 1970 Michigan cattle poisoning with insecticide[8] 1910-1945 Cadmium from mining waste contaminated rice irrigation water in Japan. Illness known as 'Itai-itai" disease affected more than 20% of women aged over 50 years [15]. 1900 Beer contaminated with arsenic. Traced to sugar manufactured with sulphuric acid that was naturally contaminated with arsenic from Spanish pyrites. An epidemic of 6070 cases in London, including 70 deaths [14] 1880s - arsenical contamination of sugar in beer [7] 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning with arsenic in candy.[6] Adulteration of bread with alum to cause rickets [11] Neurological disorders due to the bleaching of bread flour with agene [12]

[edit] References1.^ "Food firm recalls lead-contaminated lollipops". MSNBC (Calexico, California). May 2, 2009. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30530838/. Retrieved 2009-07-19. "King Midas Inc. said Friday it is warning stores to stop selling Hola Pop, a caramel lollipop with a salted apricot in the center. The candy also comes in other fruit flavors." 2.^ David Barboza (26 October 2008). "Tainted Eggs From China Discovered in Hong Kong". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/world/asia/27china.htm. 3.^ Traub, James (July 24, 1988). "Into the Mouths of Babes". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4DB1E38F937A15754C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2008-10-28. "It is well within the reach of most white-collar criminals to assume an air of irreproachable virtue, especially when they're about to be sentenced. But there was something unusually compelling about the bearing of Niels L. Hoyvald and John F. Lavery as they stood before Judge Thomas C. Platt of the United States District Court in Brooklyn last month - especially in light of what they were being sentenced for. As president and vice president of the Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation, Hoyvald and Lavery had sold millions of bottles of apple juice that they knew to contain little or no apple juice at all - only sugars, water, flavoring and coloring. The consumers of this bogus product were babies." 4.^ a b Schanche, Don A. (April 9, 1986). "Death Toll Stands at 18 Italy Jolted by Poisoning, Halts All Exports of Wine". Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58574344.html?dids=58574344:58574344&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+09%2C+1986&author=DON+A.+SCHANCHE&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Death+Toll+Stands+at+18+Italy+Jolted+by+Poisoning%2C+Halts+All+Exports+of+Wine&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-07-20. "An industry source in Rome said he doubts that any of the polluted wine has reached the United States. The Italian Wine and Food Institute, which represents Italian wine exporters in New York, was quoted here as saying that all Italian wine shipped to the United States is subjected to strict quality control in order to win the Italian government's seal of approval. Italy ships more wine to the United States than any other wine-producing nation, but most of its wine exports go to France and Germany, in that order, much of it in bulk for use in cutting domestic wines with higher-alcohol Italian varieties. It is far worse in scale than the scandal that virtually eliminated Austrian wines from the market last year. Some Austrian wine makers were found to have added ethylene glycol, a toxic, sweetening element, to their wines, and the discovery wiped out export sales. Ethylene glycol is also used in antifreeze. There were no known fatalities from the tainted Austrian wine." 5.^ "Mercury Poisoning in Iraq Is Said to Kill 100 to 400". New York Times. March 9, 1972. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20F10F93F591A7493CBA91788D85F468785F9. Retrieved 2009-07-20. "Informed travelers from Baghdad say Iraq is in the grip of a severe mercury-poisoning outbreak. The travelers, who arrived last night, reported that 100 to 400 people had died since the outbreak began early in February." 6.^ "Bradford Poisonings". The Hobart Town Daily Mercury. February 5, 1859. http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/3252979. Retrieved 2009-07-20. "The affair of the poisoned lozenges at Bradford details an amount of carelessness which would be ludicrous were it not so horrible." 7.^ http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=1&po=11 8.^ http://greatlakesecho.org/2010/06/04/poisoning-michigan-an-author-revisits-the-most-widespread-contamination-30-years-later/ 9.^ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935101942744 10.^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seveso_disaster 11.^ http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/injepidemiology32_336_337_2003.pdf 12.^ http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1657146 Did consumption of flour bleached by the agene process contribute to the incidence of neurological disease? 13.^ Barbara Thomson, Roland Poms, Martin Rose (2012) "Incidents and impacts of unwanted chemicals in food and feeds", Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods,4,77-92. 14.^ 15.^  [edit] See alsoList of medicine contamination incidents

List of foodborne illness outbreaks