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The first way a paleoneurologists would try to study the brain is by examining the development of different parts of the brain. Looking at the fossil records scientists can infer the first brain structure appeared in what we know as reptiles dated back to approximately 500 million years ago. The functions of the hindbrain found by the fossil records included breathing, heart beat regulation, balance, basic motor movements, and foraging skills. An interesting trend in brain evolution according to a study done with mice, chickens, monkeys, and apes concluded that more evolved species tend to preserve the structures responsible for basic behaviors. What this means is that evolution is the process of acquiring more and more sophisticated structures, not simply the addition of different structures over a long period of time (Bernd 1998). A long term study involving comparing the human brain to the primitive brain, found that the modern human brain contains the primitive hindbrain region. What most neurologist call the protereptilin brain (Redies et al., 2009). The function of this part of the brain is for fundamental homeostatic functions. The Pons and Medulla are the major structures found in this part of the brain. According to scientist about 250 million years after the appearance of the hindbrain, a new region of the brain developed. This region of the brain is known as the paleomammalian brain. The major parts of the paleomammalian are the hippocampus and the cerebellum. They are often referred to as the limbic system. This region of the brain deals with more complex functions, which include emotional, sexual, and fighting behaviors (Redies et al., 2009). The most unique and newest area of the brain that developed by evolution is called the cerebrum or what some call the small brain. According to research the cerebrum first developed about 200 million years ago. The cerebrum has this unique highly convoluted surface that is called the neocortex. The cerebellum is responsible for higher cognitive functions, for example language, thinking, and information processing (Griffin 2003).