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Iron nitrides are chemical compounds of iron and nitrogen that exist as several forms, a polymorph a variety of different crystal structures and magnetic properties that vary with differing concentration of nitrogen ions.

Synthesis
Iron nitride in the form of Fe2N was first discovered by Belgian-French chemist César-Mansuète Despretz in 1829 (Despretz, Ann. Chim. Phys., 1829, 42, 122) In 1861, Edmond Frémy obtained Fe5N2 by using anhydrous iron(II) chloride instead of pure iron. Ferrous chloride or ferrous bromide, pure iron powder, iron amalgam?

nitrogen ion implantation in polycrystalline nickel. or via a two-step milling process.

Naturally occurring mineral named siderazot? formula Fe5N2. found in lava.

Chemical properties
Iron nitride forms multiple chemical structures: α´-FexN (x&gte;8, tetragonal); ζ-Fe2N (orthorhombic); ε-Fe3N or ε-FexN where 2&lt;x&lte;3(hexagonal close-packed); γ-Fe4Ny (face-centered cubic); β-Fe7N3 (body-centered cubic),  and α˝-Fe16N2 (body-centered tetragonal). epsilon

Cubic Fe-N

The structure of hypothetical FeN2, iron pernitride, has been predicted.

All iron nitrides are ferromagnetic. Fe2N decomposes under loss of molecular nitrogen at around 400 °C and formation of lower-nitrogen content iron nitrides. .

They are insoluble in water

For below: Gray powder, density 6.1-6.55 g/cm3

Dissolves in acid, attacked by chlorine but not bromine or iodine

Available commercially as a powder of mixed valences with the formula FexN, where x=2-4.

Applications
Used in the synthesis of ammonia Colloidal solutions of iron nitride nanoparticles have been used to synthesize ferrofluid.

In 2010, a group of researchers from the University of Minnesota found crystalline Fe16N2 to be the strongest naturally magnetic material. Further work with the Los Alamos and Oak Ridge National Labs in 2016 produced a rare earth-free permanent magnet based on Fe16N2 and Fe4Nfor use in electric vehicles and renewable energy applications. A similar magnet was developed in 2012 by Case Western Reserve University researchers in a project funded by ARPA-E.

Fe2N has been identified as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). used to create oxygen reduction catalyst combined with nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel.

High density magnetic recording materials