User:Bcmac550/sandbox

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Revenge has been a popular literary theme historically and continues to play a role in modern and contemporary works today. Examples of literature that feature revenge as a theme include the plays Hamlet and Othello by William Shakespeare, the novel The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas, and the short story "The Cask of Amontillado" by Edgar Allan Poe. More modern examples include the novels Carrie by Stephen King and Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn. Other examples are the Greek myths of Medea, and the novel The Princess Bride by William Goldman. Although revenge is a theme in itself, it is also considered to be a genre.

Revenge as a genre has been consistent with a variety of themes that have frequently appeared in different texts over the last few centuries. Such themes at hand include but are not limited to: disguise, masking, sex, cannibalism, the grotesque, bodily fluids, power, violent murders, and secrecy. Each theme is usuallly coupled with the concept of dramatic irony. Dramatic irony is a literary device in which the audience possesses knowledge unavailable to characters in a novel, play, or film.Its purpose is to intensify the tragic events that are going to unfold by creating tension between the audience and the actions of the characters. It is essential to narratives of revenge.

The most common theme within the genre of revenge is the recurring violent murders that take place throughout the text, especially in the final act or scene. Violent murders are seen in many texts ranging from dramas to novels. Carrie, a 20th-century novel written by Stephen King, has examples of this theme that occur during the final scenes. Another text that incorporates this theme is the sixteenth-century drama Titus Andronicus by William Shakespeare.

The themes of masking and disguise have the ability to go hand in hand with one another. A character may employ disguise literally or metaphorically. A mask is the literal example of this theme; while pretending to be something one is not is considered to be the metaphoric example. Additional themes that may cause the protagonist and antagonist to develop a masked or disguised identity include sex, power, and even cannibalism. Examples of sex and power being used as themes can be seen in the novel Gone Girl, by Gillian Flynn, as well as Titus Andronicus.

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Feuds are cycles of provocation and retaliation, fueled by a burning desire for revenge and carried out over long periods of time by familial or tribal groups; they were an important part of many pre-industrial societies, especially in the Mediterranean region. They still persist in some areas, notably in Albania with its tradition of gjakmarrja or "blood feuds". During the Middle Ages, most would not regard an insult or injury as settled until it was avenged, or, at the least, paid for—hence, the extensive Anglo-Saxon system of weregild (literally, "man-price") payments, which placed a certain monetary value upon certain acts of violence in an attempt to limit the spiral of revenge by codifying the responsibility of a malefactor.

Blood feuds are still practiced in many parts of the world, including Kurdish regions of Turkey and in Papua New Guinea.

In Japan, honouring one's family, clan, or lord through the practice of revenge killings is called "katakiuchi" (敵討ち). These killings could also involve the relatives of an offender. Today, katakiuchi is most often pursued by peaceful means.

On the internet
The emergence of the internet has provided new ways of exacting revenge. The rise of social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube act as public platforms for exacting new forms of revenge. Customer revenge targets businesses and corporations with the intent to cause damage or harm. In general, people tend to place more credence in online reviews rather than corporate communications. With technology becoming more readily available, corporations and firms are more likely to experience damage caused by negative reviews posted online going viral. Recent studies indicate this type of consumer rage is becoming more common, especially in Western societies.

Revenge porn involves the public dissemination of intimate pictures and videos of another person’s sexual activity out of motives for revenge with the intent of creating widespread shame. Participation in online revenge porn activities incites a sense of pleasure through the harm being caused. The allowance of anonymity on revenge porn sites encourages further incivility by empowering and encouraging this type of behavior. In many instances, the original poster provides the victim’s personal information, including links to social media accounts. Online revenge porn’s origins can be traced to 2010 when Hunter More created the first site, IsAnyoneUp, to share photos of his nude girlfriend.

Article: Revenge

My plan for this article is to add in more relevant citations. The history section needs restructuring for the purpose of clarity and conciseness. Wikipedia suggests adding more descriptive text and removing the unnecessary examples. The literature section needs complete restructuring since it is written in a way that is not neutral, presenting the editor’s opinion rather than scholarly facts. The animals section is also in need of more citations to verify the content. In addition to the restructuring and citations needed for this article, I would also like to further delve deeper into the depiction of revenge in both literature and media along with revenge in today’s society through the internet and social media. Based on the talk page, I would also like to further explore the differences between revenge and retribution and vengeance.

Langlois, G., & Slane, A. (2017). Economies of reputation: the case of revenge porn. Communication & Critical/Cultural Studies, 14(2), 120–138.

Obeidat, Z. M. I., Xiao, S. H., Iyer, G. R., & Nicholson, M. (2017). Consumer Revenge Using the Internet and Social Media: An Examination of the Role of Service Failure Types and Cognitive Appraisal Processes. Psychology & Marketing, 34(4), 496–515.

DiVietro, S., & Kiper, J. (2018). Revenge and Forgiveness in Intimate Partner Violence Intervention. At the Interface / Probing the Boundaries, 95, 77–115.

Sebastian, M. (2017). Privacy and consent: the trouble with the label of “revenge porn.” Feminist Media Studies, 17(6), 1107–1111.

Sheldon, P. (2014). Religiosity as a Predictor of Forgiveness, Revenge, and Avoidance among Married and Dating Adults. Journal of Communication & Religion, 37(4), 20–29.

Connolly, W. E. (2007). The Ethos of Revenge. Communication & Critical/Cultural Studies, 4(1), 93–97.

Stroud, S. R. (2014). The Dark Side of the Online Self: A Pragmatist Critique of the Growing Plague of Revenge Porn. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 29(3), 168–183.

McClelland, R. T. (2010). The Pleasures of Revenge. Journal of Mind & Behavior, 31(3/4), 195–235.

Boon, S. D., Deveau, V. L., & Alibhai, A. M. (2009). Payback: The parameters of revenge in romantic relationships. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 26(6/7), 747–768.

Yoshimura, S. (2007). Goals and emotional outcomes of revenge activities in interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 24(1), 87–98.

Barney, D. (2008). Politics and Emerging Media: The Revenge of Publicity. Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition, 1(1), 89–105.

Article Evaluation

Article title: Interpersonal Communication

Overall, I found the article to be informative on the subject, going much deeper into the topic than I expected. Included are multiple theories associated with the topic that are broken down to explain them each in great detail. In many places where scholars cannot agree on a concrete definition, this is stated, and the article continues to present the different points of view. I do wish the section on the effects of technology on interpersonal communication provided more information, but perhaps there still is not enough information available given that technologies like social media are still relatively recent. The article appears to be neutral in tone, presenting multiple theories and explaining when and why there are disagreements and then presenting each viewpoint. Many of the sources quoted are taken from print material, but for the links to other websites I tested, they worked. I noticed that some of the sources deal directly with interpersonal communication whereas others deal with communiation in certain situations, for example Communication for Nursing: How to Prevent Harmful Events and Promote Patient Safety. On the first paragraph of the situational milieu where the definition is being given, there is not a citation link. As I continued to read, I noticed that in the explanation of many of the theories, citations were missing. Some places it said "citation needed" but others were left empty. This could prove problematic for the reliability of those sections of the article.

This article has been the subject of educational assignments in the past. Many in the talk section argue that the entire page needs an overhaul. Some argue that many important people and theories are not included in this page. Others present ideas for new sections to be included on the page to be critiqued and approved.