User:Bdadesky001/sandbox

First Link I edited and what I contributed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchising

Advantages and Disadvantages of Franchising as an Entry Mode[edit] The primary advantage of franchising is that the firm does not have to bear the development cost and risks of opening a foreign market on its own.[11] It is usually the Franchisee who is in charge of those costs and risks. This creates a good reason for the Franchisee to build a profitable operation as quickly as possible. Using a franchising strategy, a firm will be able to build a global presence quickly and also at a low cost and risk.[11] A great example of a global franchising company, is McDonalds.

One of the primary disadvantages of franchising, is quality control.[11] When you have a franchising agreement, the franchisor wants the firm's brand name to convey a message to consumers about the quality of the firm's product. For example, when a business person stays at the Four Seasons Hotel in Hong kong, they can expect the same quality of room and service that he/she would receive in New York.[11] The brand name is suppose to guarantee consistent product or service quality. Although, if he/she had a bad experience at one of the franchises, they may think all the other services provided are the same. The geographic distance of the firm to its other franchisees can make poor quality difficult to detect.[11] Although, one way around this disadvantage, is to set up extra subsidiaries in each country or state in which the firm expands. This creates a smaller number of franchisees to oversee, which will reduce the quality control challenges.[11]

Second Link I edited and what I contributed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License#Patent_licensing

A Licensing agreement is an arrangement whereby a licensor grants the right to intangible property to another entity for a specified period, and in return, the licensor receives a royalty fee from the licensee. Intangible property includes patents, inventions, formulas, processes, designs, copyrights, and trademarks. [5]

Advantages of a Licensing Agreement:

A primary advantage of a licensing agreement, the firm does not have to bear the development and risks associated with opening a foreign market. It is very attractive for firms lacking the capital to develop operations overseas. Licensing can be attractive when a firm is unwilling to commit substantial financial resources to an unfamiliar or politically volatile foreign market.[6] Licensing is primarily used with a firm wants to participate in a foreign market but is prohibited because of barriers to investment.

Disadvantages of a Licensing Agreement

First, it does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy that is required for realizing experience curve and location economies.[7] Second, competing in a global market may require a firm to coordinate strategic moves across countries by using profits earned in one country to support competitive attacks in another. Licensing limits a firms ability to do this. [8] Lastly, a third problem with licensing is the relationship of the economic theory of FDI. This is associated with licensing technological know-how foreign companies. Technological know-how constitutes the basis of many multi-national firms' competitive advantages. Most firms wish to control how their know-how is used, because they can lose control easily. Many firms make the mistake of thinking they could maintain control over their know-how within the licensing agreement. [9]

Third link I edited and what I contributed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export#Disadvantages_of_exporting Exporting[edit source] Many Manufacturing firms began their global expansion as exporters and only later switch to another mode for serving a foreign market. [2]

Advantages of exporting[edit source] Exporting has two distinct advantages. First, it avoids the often substantial cost of establishing manufacturing operations in the host country.[7] Second, exporting may help a company achieve experience curve and location economies. [8]

Disadvantages of exporting[edit source] Exporting has a number of Drawbacks:

First off, exporting from the firm's home base may not be appropriate if lower-cost locations for manufacturing the product can be found abroad. It may be preferable to manufacture where the mis of factor conditions is most favorable from a value creation perspective and to export to the rest of the world from that location.[10] A second drawback to exporting, is that high transport cost can make exporting uneconomical, particularly for bulk products. One way to fix this, is to manufacture bulk products regionally.[11] Another drawback, is that high tariff barriers can make exporting uneconomical and very risky.[12]