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= The Buteyko Effect = The buteyko effect is a scientific formula created by Drs. Eduard Reuvers that explains why Buteyko Breathing improves health and fitness.

Theoretical foundation
1904: Christian Bohr discovers the Bohr effect: The strength of hemoglobin’s chemical bond with oxygen depends on the carbon dioxide content and acidity of the blood. Because the acidity of the blood is highly dependent on its carbon dioxide level, in practice this means that when the blood contains more carbon-dioxide, oxygen leaves the blood more easily and cells receive more oxygen.

The Bohr Effect has always been used as the theoretical foundation for Buteyko Breathing. However the Bohr effect has a big downside when used to explain Buteyko Breathing: It doesn’t mention breathing, health or chronic diseases at all. A suitable scientific formula for Buteyko Breathing needs to also explicitly mention breathing and health as significant factors.

That’s why it’s better to use the scientific formula called the Buteyko effect. The Buteyko Effect is a comprehensive scientific formula that explains why Buteyko Breathing works. The formula of the Buteyko Effect starts with breathing volume and ends with better health and fitness, using 9 causal relationships that show how breathing volume affects CO2 levels, pH, hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, blood oxygenation, oxygen consumption and (finally) health, fitness and chronic disease.

The Bohr Effect is a central part of the Buteyko Effect. The difference between the two is that the Buteyko Effect also describes what happens before the CO2 increase and after the decrease in Hb-O2 affinity. The Buteyko Effect is very suitable for explaining why better breathing brings about better health and fitness. It’s a complete scientific formula that makes Buteyko theory simpler and straightforward.

The scientific formula
* Causal relationhip 1: MVr↓ → PACO2↑

When the minute breathing volume at rest (MVr) goes down, the CO2 content in alveoli of the lungs (PACO2) increases.

* Causal relationhip 2: PACO2↑ → PaCO2↑

When the CO2 content in alveoli (PACO2) increases, the partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood (PaCO2) goes up.

* Causal relationhip 3: PaCO2↑ → Blood pH↓

When the partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood (PaCO2) goes up, the pH of the blood goes down.

* Causal relationhip 4: Blood pH↓ → Hb-O2 affinity↓

When the pH of the blood goes down, hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (Hb-O2 affinity) decreases.

* Causal relationhip 5: PaCO2↑ → Hb-O2 affinity↓

When the partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood (PaCO2) goes up, hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (Hb-O2 affinity) decreases.

* Causal relationhip 6: Hb-O2 affinity↓ → SvO2↓

When hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (Hb-O2 affinity) decreases, the oxygen saturation of venous blood (SvO2) goes down.

* Causal relationhip 7: SvO2↓ → a-vO2 diff↑

When the oxygen saturation of venous blood (SvO2) goes down, the arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff) increases.

* Causal relationhip 8: a-vO2 diff↑ → VO2↑

When the arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff) increases, oxygen consumption (VO2) goes up.

* Causal relationhip 9: VO2↑ → Health↑ & Fitness↑ & Chronic Disease↓

When oxygen consumption (VO2) goes up, general health and fitness improve and chronic disease symptoms revert.