User:Beccabeckett/sandbox

Note: This is a fairly developed article already. I will mostly address how it is organized. I've begun to break up some of the sections that I believe would flow better organized in this way. I overhauled the "signs and symptoms" section because I thought it was important to emphasize the difference between physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms. I also plant rearrange and edit certain word choices in some of the existing paragraphs. I'm hoping to add an image and possibly an epidemiology map.

Mothers
After childbirth, a mother experiences a multitude of changes, including: physical, psychological, emotional, social, and hormonal. With these changes mothers may experience a lot of added stress in their role as a parent. Postpartum depression occurs in first time mothers as well as mothers of multiple children whom have not experienced it before.

Fathers
Unemployed fathers have demonstrated greater vulnerability to developing PPD.[58] Studies have found, the lower socioeconomic status of the father, the more likely he is to develop postpartum depression increased in fathers.[58] Fathers are more likely to develop postpartum depression if their partner is suffering postpartum depression.[57]

Children
Children with parents who have untreated postpartum depression are more prone to delays in language development, eating and sleeping difficulties, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and excessive crying.

Emotional

 * Persistent sadness or low mood


 * Anger
 * Hopelessness, helplessness


 * Guilt, shame, worthlessness


 * Low self-esteem
 * Numbness, emptiness
 * Confusion, anxiety, panic
 * Exhaustion
 * Inability to be comforted
 * Trouble bonding with the baby

Behavioral

 * Excessive crying
 * Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities
 * Low libido
 * Changes in appetite
 * Fatigue, decreased energy and motivation
 * Poor self-care
 * Social withdrawal
 * Insomnia or excessive sleep

Cognition
Typically, postpartum depression is considered after signs and symptoms persist for at least two weeks.
 * Inability to make decisions and think clearly
 * Lack of concentration and poor memory
 * Inability to cope with stressful situations
 * Fear of being rejected by partner
 * Fear for the baby and of the baby
 * Worry about harming self, baby, or partner

Epidemiology
Worldwide, postpartum depression rates vary from 11% to 42%.

In the United States, approximately one in ten mothers or on average 15% of mothers reported experiencing postpartum depression. In urban, low income areas, about 56% of mothers showed symptoms of postpartum depression. The reported incidence of postpartum depression in men has been estimated around 5%.