User:Beetle the SilkWing/Flora of Ankara

The flora of Ankara describes the plant life that arose due to and were shaped by factors such as the climate, temperature, and rainfall within Ankara's city borders. Recent records hold that the flora of the city consists of 99 families containing 495 genuses and 1365 species of flowering plants. Twenty-two of these species are endemic to Ankara, and 271 (19.85%) to Türkiye.

A majority of Ankara consists of steppes, with the city's altitude ranging from 550-2000 meters above sea level and a climate described as a "semi-arid, very cold Mediterranean climate." The average yearly rainfall ranges 346-564 millimeters, and average yearly temperatures 10.2-13.2 degrees Celcius. The highest areas, and the ones with most rainfall, are located in the northwestern parts of the city surrounding Kızılcahamam. While Western Black Sea Region flora is most common here, at the northern areas of Lake Tuz near Şereflikoçhisar, xerophytic and halophytic plants are typical instead.

Another variable that effects plant diversity in Ankara is soil composition. Near Ayaş, plants that can survive in clay and limestone are most common; in the areas surrounding Nallıhan and Polatlı, plants that prefer gypseous soil; and in and around Bala and Kalecik, plants unique to limestone-less soil containing heavy metals like magnesium, nickel, and cadmium.

History
The first herbarium in Ankara was established in 1933, by German scientist Prof. Dr. Kurt Krause in the Ankara Higher Agriculture Institute. This herbarium was transferred to the Botany Institute of Ankara University upon its founding in 1948. A list of the plants in the herbarium were published by Hikmet Birand under the title "Türkiye Bitkileri" (Plants of Türkiye) in 1952. In the same year, Kurt Krause donated nearly 5600 plant specimens gathered in Turkey to the Botany Museum of the Humboldt University of Berlin. However, this collection was lost to a fire resulting from the World War II bombing of Berlin.

Endemic species
There are 22 species endemic to Ankara. These are:


 * 1)     Achillea ketenoglui
 * 2)     Aethionema dumanii
 * 3)     Astragalus physodes subsp. acikirensis
 * 4)     Astragalus beypazaricus
 * 5)     Astragalus demirizii
 * 6)     Astragalus densifolius subsp. ayashensis
 * 7)     Astragalus kochakii
 * 8)     Astragalus trichostigma
 * 9)     Astragalus yildirimlii
 * 10)     Campanula damboldtiana
 * 11)     Campanula ekimiana
 * 12)     Centaurea halophila
 * 13)     Centaurea tchihatcheffii
 * 14)     Cytisus acutangulus
 * 15)     Isatis glauca subsp. galatica
 * 16)     Muscari adili
 * 17)     Salsola grandis
 * 18)     Salvia aytachii
 * 19)     Sideritis galatica
 * 20)     Silene cserei subsp. aeoniopsis
 * 21)     Verbascum gypsisola
 * 22)     Verbascum heterobarbatum



Species named after Ankara
Along with species endemic to the city, there are certain plants that get their name from the fact that they were discovered in Ankara. These are:


 * 1)  Crocus anycrensis
 * 2) Jurinea ancyrensis
 * 3) Paracaryum ancyritanum
 * 4) Dianthus ancyrensis
 * 5) Verbascum ancyritanum

A

 * Acanthaceae
 * Acoraceae
 * Adoxaceae
 * Alismataceae
 * Altingiaceae
 * Amaranthaceae
 * Aizoaceae
 * Amaryllidaceae
 * Anacardiaceae
 * Apiaceae
 * Apocynaceae
 * Apodanthaceae
 * Aquifoliaceae
 * Araceae
 * Araliaceae
 * Aristolochiaceae
 * Asparagaceae
 * Aspleniaceae
 * Asteraceae
 * Athyriaceae

B

 * Balsaminaceae
 * Berberidaceae
 * Betulaceae
 * Biebersteiniaceae
 * Bignoniaceae
 * Blechnaceae
 * Boraginaceae
 * Brassicaceae
 * Butomaceae
 * Buxaceae

C

 * Campanulaceae
 * Cannabaceae
 * Capparaceae
 * Caprifoliaceae
 * Caryophyllaceae
 * Casuarinaceae
 * Celastraceae
 * Ceratophyllaceae
 * Cistaceae
 * Cleomaceae
 * Colchicaceae
 * Commelinaceae
 * Convolvulaceae
 * Cornaceae
 * Crassulaceae
 * Cucurbitaceae
 * Cupressaceae
 * Cymodoceaceae
 * Cyperaceae
 * Cystopteridaceae
 * Cytinaceae

D

 * Datiscaceae
 * Dennstaedtiaceae
 * Dioscoreaceae
 * Droseraceae
 * Dryopteridaceae

E

 * Ebenaceae
 * Elaeagnaceae
 * Elatinaceae
 * Ephedraceae
 * Equisetaceae
 * Ericaceae
 * Euphorbiaceae

F

 * Fabaceae
 * Fagaceae
 * Frankeniaceae

G

 * Gentianaceae
 * Geraniaceae
 * Grossulariaceae

H

 * Haloragaceae
 * Hydrangeaceae
 * Hydrocharitaceae
 * Hymenophyllaceae
 * Hypericaceae

I

 * Iridaceae
 * Isoetaceae
 * Ixioliriaceae

J

 * Juglandaceae
 * Juncaceae
 * Juncaginaceae

L

 * Lamiaceae
 * Lauraceae
 * Lentibulariaceae
 * Liliaceae
 * Linaceae
 * Linderniaceae
 * Loranthaceae
 * Lycopodiaceae
 * Lythraceae

M

 * Malvaceae
 * Marsileaceae
 * Melanthiaceae
 * Meliaceae
 * Menyanthaceae
 * Molluginaceae
 * Montiaceae
 * Moraceae
 * Myrtaceae

N

 * Nartheciaceae
 * Nitrariaceae
 * Nyctaginaceae
 * Nymphaeaceae

O

 * Oleaceae
 * Onagraceae
 * Onocleaceae
 * Ophioglossaceae
 * Orchidaceae
 * Orobanchaceae
 * Osmundaceae
 * Oxalidaceae

P

 * Paeoniaceae
 * Papaveraceae
 * Pedaliaceae
 * Phrymaceae
 * Phyllanthaceae
 * Phytolaccaceae
 * Pinaceae
 * Plantaginaceae
 * Platanaceae
 * Plumbaginaceae
 * Poaceae
 * Polemoniaceae
 * Polygalaceae
 * Polygonaceae
 * Polypodiaceae
 * Portulacaceae
 * Posidoniaceae
 * Potamogetonaceae
 * Primulaceae
 * Pteridaceae

R

 * Ranunculaceae
 * Resedaceae
 * Rhamnaceae
 * Rosaceae
 * Rubiaceae
 * Ruppiaceae
 * Rutaceae

S

 * Salicaceae
 * Salviniaceae
 * Santalaceae
 * Sapindaceae
 * Saxifragaceae
 * Scrophulariaceae
 * Selaginellaceae
 * Simaroubaceae
 * Smilacaceae
 * Solanaceae
 * Staphyleaceae
 * Styracaceae

T

 * Tamaricaceae
 * Taxaceae
 * Thelypteridaceae
 * Thymelaeaceae
 * Typhaceae

U

 * Ulmaceae
 * Urticaceae

V

 * Verbenaceae
 * Violaceae
 * Vitaceae

W

 * Woodsiaceae

X

 * Xanthorrhoeaceae

Z

 * Zosteraceae
 * Zygophyllaceae