User:Bei203/Drug design

Drug targets
In addition, mRNA-based gene silencing technologies may have therapeutic applications. For example, nanomedicines based on mRNA can streamline and expedite the drug development process, enabling transient and localized expression of immunostimulatory molecules. In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA allows for delivery to various accessible cell types through the bloodstream or alternative pathways. The use of IVT mRNA serves to convey specific genetic information into a patient's cells, with the primary objective of preventing or altering a particular disease state.

Drug discovery
Phenotypic drug discovery

Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) is a traditional drug discovery method, also known as forward pharmacology or classical pharmacology. It utilizes the process of phenotypic screening on collections of synthetic small molecules, natural products, or extracts within chemical libraries to pinpoint substances exhibiting beneficial therapeutic effects.This method is to first discover the in vivo or in vitro functional activity of drugs (such as extract drugs or natural products), and then perform target identification. PDD uses a practical and target-independent approach to generate initial leads, aiming to discover pharmacologically active compounds and therapeutics that operate through novel drug mechanisms. PDD allows the exploration of disease phenotypes to find potential treatments for conditions with unknown, complex, or multifactorial origins, where the understanding of molecular targets is insufficient for effective intervention.

Rational drug discovery

 delete: (In contrast to traditional methods of drug discovery (known as forward pharmacology), which rely on trial-and-error testing of chemical substances on cultured cells or animals, and matching the apparent effects to treatments, ) 

Rational drug design (also called reverse pharmacology) begins with a hypothesis that modulation of a specific biological target may have therapeutic value.

Drug screening
Types of drug screening include phenotypic screening, high-throughput screening, and virtual screening, etc. Phenotypic screening is characterized by the process of screening drugs using cellular or animal disease models to identify compounds that alter the phenotype and produce beneficial disease-related effects. Emerging technologies in high-throughput screening substantially enhance processing speed and decrease the required detection volume. Virtual screening is completed on a computer, so a large number of molecules can be screened with a short cycle and low cost. Virtual screening utilizes a range of computational methods that empower chemists to reduce extensive virtual libraries into more manageable sizes.