User:Bemrich/Students for sensible drug policy/Bibliography

1.) Keyes, L., Bing III, R. L., & Keyes, V. D. (2021). America’s Anti-Drug Abuse Act, the Disproportionality of Drug Laws on Blacks: A Policy Analysis. Justice Policy Journal, 18(2), 1–14.

L. Keyes is a professor at Tarleton State University, R. Bing is a professor at the University of Texas at Arlington, and V. Keyes is a professor at Nova Southeastern University. The collaboration of three different professors makes this journal article credible. This would make it peer-reviewed before it was even published. I will use this source in my paper to reinforce that current drug policies are outdated and targeted at people of color and of low income. In this article, it goes over the amount of likeliness of being arrested for having drugs, with African American males (17-30) are 7 times more likely to be arrested for drugs as a white male. It’s nots that white people don’t carry drugs; the numbers show that whites carry the greatest number of drugs when they are stopped. The reasoning behind this can be blamed on several things, racial discrimination in policing, jim crow laws, and other technicalities in the law.

2.) Bates, S. (2010). One Hundred Years of Race and Crime. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 100(3), 1043–1060.

The author of the journal is a research of Law professor for Carville Dickinson Benson and Associate Dean for Faculty development. Also was a professor for George Washington University Law School. This leads me to believe this is a credible source to use for my proposition. This article goes over Jim crow laws and how the laws of the land were put harshly and unjustly on people of color and those in low income. In the article is says in 2010 alone there were almost a million African Americans in prison. A big reason is of the war on drugs. For the longest time crack cocaine was prosecuted harder than powder cocaine. The reason this is a despairing thing is the cost difference. Crack cocaine is easier to come by because of the cheap price. This led to over conviction and long prison sentences for those in possession.

3.) Bobo, L.D., & Thompson, V. (2006). Unfair by Design: The War on Drugs, Race, and the Legitimacy of the Criminal Justice System. Social Research: An International Quarterly 73(2), 445-472. doi:10.1353/sor.2006.0010.

People always look at criminals in a stigmatized way. This article shows that human actions are calculated and individualistic, I take that as everyone does something for one’s benefit. I think in this case, the individuals acted rationally and did it for their own benefit. I will want to talk about this theory and how it fits in this case. I will use this resource because it explains a lot of the theories where I could explain how these theories are incorporated in this research. This source is credible as both authors hold professor jobs at their respective universities. The publisher is John Hopkins press, which is known for being credible through time. They have published hundreds of journal articles and books.

4.) Hannah, LF Cooper (2015) War on Drugs Policing and Police Brutality, Substance Use & Misuse, 50:8-9, 1188-1194, DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1007669

Cooper is an associate professor in the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education and in the Department of Epidemiology at Emory University's Rollins School of Public Health. Much of her work is on the structural determinants of health, including drug use and HIV. The publisher journal is the Substance Use and Misuse and deems to be credible. I find the author to be credible as the study has something to do with their field. Historical connections between race/ethnicity and policing in the United States, the ways that the War on Drugs eroded specific legal protections originally designed to curtail police powers; and the implications of these erosions for police brutality targeting Black communities. Policing and racism have been mutually constitutive in the United States. This will help improve my paper by adding more research when it comes to disparities minorities face from police.