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The 1890s was a decade that began on 1 January, 1890, and ended on 31 December, 1899. It is sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, referring to the widespread use of that colour in fashion after the discovery of aniline dye, or as the Gay Nineties , a term that came about in the 1920s referring to the perceived frivolity and prosperity of the decade. The 1890s also constitute part of the Gilded Age in the United States, the late Victorian Era in the United Kingdom and the Belle Époque in France.

The end of the 19th century was characterised by conflicts resulting from imperialism and territorial expansion begun earlier in the century as well as rising tensions between the Great Powers. Economic recession in the first half of the decade was marked by the Panic of 1893 in the United States and the Baring crisis in the United Kingdom alongside a period known as the Great Deflation which had persisted since the 1870s. Throughout Europe and the Americas, the attitude of the Fin de Siècle took hold as did new artistic and cultural movements like Post-Impressionism and Modernism as well as new forms of realism which carried on into the 20th century. Both the fascist and Marxist-Leninist ideologies that would come to prominence after the First World War began to develop in the decade. Urbanisation and industrialisation increased greatly and in developed, industrialised regions urban population grew from 17.2% in 1875 to 26.1% in 1900. The International Olympic Committee was founded in 1894 and the first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896. Technological development also increased greatly with the invention of the internal-combustion engine and advances in aviation, motion pictures and audio recording.

As of July 4, 2014, there were 6 verified living people who were born in the 1890s.