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View Tree for Aidan MacGabhranAidan MacGabhran (b. 532, d. 17 Apr 608)

Aidan MacGabhran (son of Gabran Mac Domgart) was born 532 in Argyll, Diaraita, and died 17 Apr 608 in Scotland. Includes NotesNotes for Aidan MacGabhran: "The Treacherous" MacGabhran, Aidan of Argyll; consecrated by his cousin as St. Columba. Aedan succeeded to the kingship upon his cousin Conall's death in 574. A story in Adomnan's "Life of Columba" related how Colimba would have preferred to support Eoganan as king, but an angel commanded Columba three times to support Aedan, and Columba did not relent until the angel struck him with a scourge. In 575, Aedan attended the Convention of Druim Cet in Ireland, which apparently convened to decide the political relationship between Dalriada and the kings of northern Ui Neill in Ireland, whose power was growing. In 581, he led an expedition to the Orkney Isles, and he won a victory at the Isle of Man in the following year. In 590, he won a battle against the Maetae, his British neighbors, but lost two of his sons (Eochaid Find and Artur) in the battle. In 596, in the first battle between the Scots and English, two more of his sons (Bran and Domangart) were slain. In 600, he led an army against the English of Northumbria, but was decisively defeated at Degsatan. He was victorious in a battle against the Picts sometime between 596 and 606. He died at the age of seventy-four, and was succeeded by his eldest son Eochaid Buide. The Senchus Notes say he fathered seven sons, but other sources tell of two others: Artur and Domangart. --- Acceded about 574. Consecrated by his cousin St. Columba. In 575 Aedan attended the Convention of Druim Cett in Ireland, which apparently convened to decide the political relationship between Dal Riata and the kings of the Northern Ui Neill in Ireland, whose power was growing. In 581 he led an expedition to the Orkney islands, and he won a victory at the Isle of Man in the following year. In 590, he won a battle against the Maetae, his British neighbours, but lost two of his sons in the battle. In 596, in the first battle between Scots and English, two more of his sons were slain. In 600, he lead an army against the English of Northumbria, but was decisively defeated at Degsastan. He was victorious in a battle against the Picts sometime between 596 and 606. Children of Aidan MacGabhran are: +I Eochaidh, b. 565, Scotland, d. 629, Scotland. --- The Greer and Massey families both knew what it was to rule. The records of these ancestors go back to the Dark Ages of Europe. Come in and meet our ancient families, the ones that go back into the mists of time. Ancient Door Fergus MorMacErc of Dalriada, the king of Scots is believed to be the ancestor of the Greer family. He took the throne in 490 A. D. Aidan macGabhran of Argyll was consecrated as King of Scots by his cousin St. Colomba. This family also married into the Pictish royal family. The Pictish people had a matrilineal family. The kings were brothers of princesses through whom the royal line passed. These women married men such as Hugh III and Hugh IV (known as "The Poisonous"), and thereby two royal lines began to merge. From this family descended kings, lords, and knights. Many prominent names in the history of Scotland were connected to this family that helped to unite Scotland and win its freedom. In 1674, James Greer, a son of this formerly royal family, came to the colonies as an indentured servant and began a new life. Ben Greer http://talesofold.net/family/massey.htm The Massey and Greer Families talesofold.net � � � � Beyond Our Elusive William Daniel Database � --- Erc of Dalriada From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Erc was king of Irish Dál Riata until 474. He was the father of Fergus Mór and Loarn mac Eirc, and may have been the great-grandfather of Muirchertach mac Muiredaig. Confusion arises from the latter's matronym, Macc Ercae, said to come from his legendary mother Erca, daughter of Loarn mac Eirc. She married Muiredach mac Eógain. According to the Duan Albanach and the Senchus Fer n-Alban Erc of Dál Riata's father was Eochaid Muinremuir, son of Fedlimid, son of Oengus, son of another Fedlimid, son of Senchormaich, son of Cruitlinde, son of Findfece, son of Archircir, son of Eochaid Antoit, son of Fiacha Cathmail, son of Cairbre Riata, son of Conaire Cóem and Saraid ingen Chuinn. Suggestions that he was identical with Muiredach mac Eógain and thus belonged to the Uí Néill are based on late sources, such as the Annals of the Four Masters. In fact the Dál Riata are considered Érainn or Darini and claimed to be descendants of the famous Érainn king Conaire Mór. It is typical in late genealogies for unrelated peoples or those only related through marriage to be worked into a single genealogical scheme and all be made descendants of the same legendary founder. Erc is significant as he has been traditionally regarded as the ancestor, through his son Fergus Mor, of the kings of Dalriada, and through them the Kings of Scotland, but more recently much of this tradition has been questioned. --- Fergus Mór From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Fergus I" redirects here; not to be confused with the fictitious King Fergus (fl 330 BC), see Fergus I. Fergus Mór mac Eirc (Scottish Gaelic: Fergus Mòr Mac Earca; English: Fergus the Great) was a legendary king of Dál Riata. He was the son of Erc. While his historicity may be debatable, his posthumous importance as the founder of Scotland in the national myth of Medieval and Renaissance Scotland is not in doubt. Rulers of Scotland from Cináed mac Ailpín until the present time claim descent from Fergus Mór. --- Alpín mac Echdach may refer to two persons. The first person is a presumed king of Dál Riata in the late 730s. The second is the father of Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín). The name Alpín is taken to be a Pictish one, derived from the Anglo-Saxon name Ælfwine; Alpín's patronymic means son of Eochaid or son of Eochu. Alpín father of King Kenneth[edit] Irish annals such as the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Innisfallen name Kenneth's father as one Alpín. This much is reasonably certain. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba usually begins with Kenneth, but some variants include a reference to Kenneth's father: "[Alpín] was killed in Galloway, after he had entirely destroyed and devastated it. And then the kingdom of the Scots was transferred to the kingdom [variant: land] of the Picts." John of Fordun (IV, ii) calls Kenneth's father "Alpin son of Achay" (Alpín son of Eochu) and has him killed in war with the Picts in 836; Andrew of Wyntoun's version mixes Fordun's war with the Picts with the Chronicle version which has him killed in Galloway. Alpín of Dál Riata[edit] The genealogies produced for Kings of Scots in the High Middle Ages traced their ancestry through Kenneth MacAlpin, through the Cenél nGabráin of Dál Riata to Fergus Mór, and then to legendary Irish kings such as Conaire Mór and the shadowy Deda mac Sin. These genealogies, perhaps oral in origin, were subjected to some regularisation by the scribes who copied them into sources such as the Chronicle of Melrose, the Poppleton Manuscript and the like. Either by accident, or by design, a number of kings were misplaced, being moved from the early 8th century to the late 8th and early 9th century. The original list is presumed to have resembled the following: 1. Eochaid mac Domangairt 2. Ainbcellach mac Ferchair 3. Eógan mac Ferchair 4. Selbach mac Ferchair 5. Eochaid mac Echdach 6. Dúngal mac Selbaig 7. Alpín 8. Muiredach mac Ainbcellaig 9. Eógan mac Muiredaig 10. Áed Find 11. Fergus mac Echdach After modification to link this list of kings of Dál Riata to the family of Kenneth MacAlpin, the list is presumed to have been in this form: 1. Eochaid mac Domangairt 2. Ainbcellach mac Ferchair 3. Eógan mac Ferchair 8. Muiredach mac Ainbcellaig 9. Eogan mac Muiredaig 10. Áed Find 11. Fergus mac Echdach 4. Selbach mac Ferchair (called Selbach mac Eógain) 5. Eochaid mac Echdach (called Eochaid mac Áeda Find) 6. Dúngal mac Selbaig (name unchanged) 7. Alpín (called Alpín mac Echdach) However, the existence of the original Alpín is less than certain. No king in Dál Riata of that name is recorded in the Irish annals in the early 730s. A Pictish king named Alpín, whose father's name is not given in any Irish sources, or even from the Pictish Chronicle king-lists, is known from the late 720s, when he was defeated by Óengus mac Fergusa and Nechtan mac Der-Ilei. For the year 742, the Annals of Ulster are read as referring to the capture of "Elffin son of Crop" (the former reading had besieged rather than captured). Whether Álpin son of Crup is related to the Álpin of the 720s is unknown. References[edit] Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990. ISBN 1-871615-03-8 Broun, Dauvit, The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Boydell, Woodbridge, 1999. ISBN 0-85115-375-5 Broun, Dauvit, "Pictish Kings 761–839: Integration with Dál Riata or Separate Development" in Sally M. Foster (ed.), The St Andrews Sarcophagus: A Pictish masterpiece and its international connections. Four Courts, Dublin, 1998. ISBN 1-85182-414-6 --- Kenneth MacAlpin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Cinaed mac Ailpin) Kenneth MacAlpin History-kenneth.jpg King of the Picts Reign   841 or 843 – 858 or 859 Predecessor   Monarchy established Successor   Donald I Issue among possible others   Constantín, King of the Picts Áed, King of the Picts Máel Muire House   Alpin Father   Alpín mac Echdach Born   810 Iona Island, Scotland Died   13 February 858 Cinnbelachoir Burial   Iona Cináed mac Ailpín (Modern Gaelic: Coinneach mac Ailpein),[1] commonly Anglicised as Kenneth MacAlpin and known in most modern regnal lists as Kenneth I (810 – 13 February 858) was king of the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots, earning him the posthumous nickname of An Ferbasach, "The Conqueror".[2] Kenneth's undisputed legacy was to produce a dynasty of rulers who claimed descent from him and was the founder of the dynasty which ruled Scotland for much of the medieval period. Kenneth also indirectly created the current day British monarchy; the current representation being (Queen Elizabeth II ) --- 289. QUEEN OF ENGLAND ELIZABETH II ALEXANDRA MARY 35 WINDSOR (GEORGE VI 37, GEORGE V 36, EDWARD VII 35 WETTIN, VICTORIA 34 HANOVER, EDWARD AUGUSTUS 33, GEORGE III 32, FREDERICK LOUIS 31, GEORGE II 30, GEORGE I 29, SOPHIA 28, ELIZABETH 27 STUART, JAMES I 26, HENRY 25, MATTHEW 24, JOHN 23 STEWART, ELIZABETH 22, MARY 21, JAMES II 20, JAMES I 19, ROBERT III 18, ROBERT II 17, MARGERY 16 BRUCE, ROBERT I 15, ROBERT 14, ROBERT 13, ISOBEL 12, DAVID OF HUNTINGDON 11, HENRY OF HUNTINGDON 10, DAVID I THE SAINT 9, ST MARGARET 8, EDWARD 7 ATHLING, EDMUND II IRONSIDE 6, ETHELRED II THE UNREADY 5, EDGAR THE PEACEFUL 4, EDMUND I THE ELDER 3, EDWARD THE ELDER 2, ALFRED THE GREAT 1) was born April 21, 1926 in 17 Bruton St., London, W1, England. She married ,PRINCE PHILIP MOUNTBATTEN November 20, 1947 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, son of ANDREW and ALICE. He was born June 10, 1921 in Isle of Kerkira, Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece. Children of ELIZABETH WINDSOR and PHILIP MOUNTBATTEN are: 358. i. PRINCE CHARLES PHILIP ARTHUR 36 WINDSOR, b. November 14, 1948, Buckingham, Palace, London, England. 359. ii. PRINCESS ANNE ELIZABETH ALICE WINDSOR, b. August 15, 1950, Clarence House, St. James, England. 360. iii. DUKE OF YORK ANDREW ALBERT CHRISTIAN WINDSOR, b. February 19, 1960, Belgian Suite, Buckingham, Palace, England. 360A.iv. PRINCE EDWARD ANTHONY RICHARD WINDSOR, b. March 10, 1964, Buckingham, Palace, London, England. Christened May 2, 1964 ---Domesday Book From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Domesday" redirects here. For other uses see Domesday (disambiguation) or see more specifically Domesday Book (disambiguation) and Doomsday Book (disambiguation). Domesday Book The National Archives, Kew, London Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg "Domesday Book": an engraving published in 1900. The image shows Great Domesday (the larger volume) and Little Domesday (the smaller volume) in their 1869 bindings, lying on their older "Tudor" bindings. Also known as	The Great Survey; Liber de Wintonia Date	1086 Place of origin	England Language(s)	Medieval Latin The Domesday Book (/ˈduːmzdeɪ/ or US /ˈdoʊmzdeɪ/;[1][2] Latin: Liber de Wintonia "Book from Winchester")[3] is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states:

While spending the Christmas time of 1085 in Gloucester, William had deep speech with his counsellors and sent men all over England to each shire to find out what or how much each landholder had in land and livestock and what it was worth.

It was written in Medieval Latin and was highly abbreviated and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents.[4] The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor.

The assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in the Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name Domesday Book (Middle English for Doomsday Book) came into use in the 12th century.[5] As Richard FitzNigel wrote circa 1179 in the Dialogus de Scaccario:[6]

for as the sentence of that strict and terrible last account cannot be evaded by any skilful subterfuge, so when this book is appealed to ... its sentence cannot be quashed or set aside with impunity. That is why we have called the book 'the Book of Judgement' ... because its decisions, like those of the Last Judgement, are unalterable.

The manuscript is held at The National Archives at Kew, London. In 2011 the Open Domesday site made the manuscript available online.[7]

The book is an invaluable primary source for modern historians and historical economists. No survey approaching the scope and extent of Domesday Book was attempted again until the 1873 Return of Owners of Land (sometimes termed the "Modern Domesday")[8] which presented the first complete, post-Domesday picture of the distribution of landed property in the British Isles.[9]

Contents [hide] 1 Content and organization 2 Survey 3 Purpose 4 Subsequent history 4.1 Custodial history 4.2 Binding 4.3 Publication 5 Importance 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links Content and organization[edit]

A page of Domesday Book for Warwickshire

Great Domesday in its "Tudor" binding: a wood-engraving of the 1860s The Domesday Book encompasses two independent works: "Little Domesday" (covering Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex) and "Great Domesday" (covering much of the remainder of England and parts of Wales—​except for lands in the north which later became Westmorland, Cumberland, Northumberland, and the County Palatine of Durham). No surveys were made of London and Winchester, probably due to their tax-exempt status, and some other towns. Most of Cumberland and Westmorland are missing because they had yet to be conquered. County Durham is missing because the Bishop of Durham (William de St-Calais) had the exclusive right to tax it; in addition, parts of northeast England were covered by the 1183 Boldon Book, listing areas liable to tax by the Bishop of Durham. The omission of the other counties is not fully explained.

Little Domesday was named for being in a physically smaller format than its companion, but this survey is the more detailed, down to numbers of livestock. It may have represented the first attempt, resulting in a decision to avoid such level of detail in what was called Great Domesday.

Both volumes are organized by fiefs (manors, under the names of the landholders—​tenentes—​who held the lands directly of the crown in fee) rather than by geography (e.g. by hundred or by township). As a review of taxes owed, it was highly unpopular.[10]

Each county's list opened with the king's holdings (which had possibly been the subject of separate inquiry). Holdings of churchmen and religious houses followed, in hierarchical order; then lay tenants-in-chief (aristocrats—​again in approximate order of status); and lastly the king's serjeants (servientes), and English thegns who retained land.

In some counties, one or more principal towns formed the subject of a separate section: in some the clamores (disputed titles to land) were also treated separately. This principle applies more specially to the larger volume: in the smaller one, the system is more confused, the execution less perfect.

Domesday names a total of 13,418 places.[11] Apart from the wholly rural portions, which constitute its bulk, Domesday contains entries of interest concerning most of the towns, which were probably made because of their bearing on the fiscal rights of the crown therein. These include fragments of custumals (older customary agreements), records of the military service due, of markets, mints, and so forth. From the towns, from the counties as wholes, and from many of its ancient lordships, the crown was entitled to archaic dues in kind, such as honey. (In a parallel development, around 1100 the Normans in southern Italy completed their Catalogus Baronum based on Domesday Book.)

Survey[edit] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that planning for the survey was conducted in 1085, and the colophon of the book states the survey was completed in 1086. It is not known when exactly Domesday Book was compiled, but the entire copy of Great Domesday appears to have been copied out by one person on parchment (prepared sheepskin), although six scribes seem to have been used for Little Domesday. Writing in 2000, David Roffe argued that the inquest (survey) and the construction of the book were two distinct exercises. He believes that the latter was completed, if not started, by William II following his assumption of the English throne; he quashed a rebellion that followed and was based on, though not consequent on, the findings of the inquest.[12]

Most shires were visited by a group of royal officers (legati), who held a public inquiry, probably in the great assembly known as the shire court. These were attended by representatives of every township as well as of the local lords. The unit of inquiry was the Hundred (a subdivision of the county, which then was an administrative entity). The return for each Hundred was sworn to by twelve local jurors, half of them English and half of them Norman.

What is believed to be a full transcript of these original returns is preserved for several of the Cambridgeshire Hundreds and is of great illustrative importance. The Inquisitio Eliensis is a record of the lands of Ely Abbey.[13] The Exon Domesday (named because the volume was held at Exeter) covers Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset, and one manor of Wiltshire. Parts of Devon, Dorset and Somerset are also missing. Otherwise this contains the full details supplied by the original returns.

Through comparison of what details are recorded in which counties, six Great Domesday "circuits" can be determined (plus a seventh circuit for the Little Domesday shires).

Berkshire, Hampshire, Kent, Surrey, Sussex Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire (Exeter Domesday) Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Middlesex Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire Cheshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, Worcestershire — the Marches Derbyshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire Purpose[edit] Three sources discuss the goal of the survey:

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells why it was ordered: After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out 'How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.' Also he commissioned them to record in writing, 'How much land his archbishops had, and his diocesan bishops, and his abbots, and his earls;' and though I may be prolix and tedious, 'What, or how much, each man had, who was an occupier of land in England, either in land or in stock, and how much money it were worth.' So very narrowly, indeed, did he commission them to trace it out, that there was not one single hide, nor a yard of land, nay, moreover (it is shameful to tell, though he thought it no shame to do it), not even an ox, nor a cow, nor a swine was there left, that was not set down in his writ. And all the recorded particulars were afterwards brought to him.

The list of questions asked of the jurors were recorded in the Inquisitio Eliensis. The contents of Domesday Book and the allied records mentioned above. The primary purpose of the survey was to ascertain and record the fiscal rights of the king. These were mainly:

the national land-tax (geldum), paid on a fixed assessment, certain miscellaneous dues, and the proceeds of the crown lands. After a great political convulsion such as the Norman conquest, and the following wholesale confiscation of landed estates, William needed to reassert that the rights of the Crown, which he claimed to have inherited, had not suffered in the process. His Norman followers tended to evade the liabilities of their English predecessors. The successful trial of Odo de Bayeux at Penenden Heath less than a decade after the conquest was one example of the Crown's growing discontent at the Norman land-grab of the years following the invasion. Historians believe that the survey was to aid William in establishing certainty and a definitive reference point as to property holdings across the nation, in case such evidence was needed in disputes over Crown ownership.[14]

The Domesday survey therefore recorded the names of the new holders of lands and the assessments on which their tax was to be paid. But it did more than this; by the king's instructions, it endeavoured to make a national valuation list, estimating the annual value of all the land in the country, (1) at the time of Edward the Confessor's death, (2) when the new owners received it, (3) at the time of the survey, and further, it reckoned, by command, the potential value as well. It is evident that William desired to know the financial resources of his kingdom, and it is probable that he wished to compare them with the existing assessment, which was one of considerable antiquity, though there are traces that it had been occasionally modified. The great bulk of Domesday Book is devoted to the somewhat arid details of the assessment and valuation of rural estates, which were as yet the only important source of national wealth. After stating the assessment of the manor, the record sets forth the amount of arable land, and the number of plough teams (each reckoned at eight oxen) available for working it, with the additional number (if any) that might be employed; then the river-meadows, woodland, pasture, fisheries (i.e. fishing weirs), water-mills, salt-pans (if by the sea) and other subsidiary sources of revenue; the peasants are enumerated in their several classes; and finally the annual value of the whole, past and present, is roughly estimated.

The organization of the returns on a feudal basis, enabled the Conqueror and his officers to see the extent of a baron's possessions; and it also showed to what extent he had under-tenants, and the identities of the under-tenants. This was of great importance to William, not only for military reasons, but also because of his resolve to command the personal loyalty of the under-tenants (though the "men" of their lords) by making them swear allegiance to hims. As Domesday Book normally records only the Christian name of an under-tenant, it is not possible to search for the surnames of families claiming a Norman origin. Scholars, however, have worked to identify the under-tenants, most of whom have foreign Christian names.

The survey provided the King with information on potential sources of funds when he needed to raise money. It includes sources of income but not expenses, such as castles, unless they needed to be included to explain discrepancies between pre-and post-Conquest holdings of individuals. Typically, this happened in a town, where separately-recorded properties had been demolished to make way for a castle.

Subsequent history[edit]

Domesday chest, the German-style iron-bound chest of c.1500 in which Domesday Book was kept in the 17th and 18th centuries Custodial history[edit] Domesday Book was preserved from the late 11th to the beginning of the 13th centuries in the royal Treasury at Winchester (the Norman kings' capital). It was often referred to as the "Book" or "Roll" of Winchester.[15] When the Treasury moved to the Palace of Westminster, probably under King John, the book went with it. In the Middle Ages, the Book's evidence was frequently invoked in the law-courts. Even in the 21st century, its information is referred to in certain cases.

The two volumes (Great Domesday and Little Domesday) remained in Westminster until the 19th century, being held at different times in various offices of the Exchequer (the Chapel of the Pyx of Westminster Abbey; the Treasury of Receipts; and the Tally Court).[16] On many occasions, however, the books were taken around the country with the Exchequer: for example to York and Lincoln in 1300, to York again in 1303 and 1319, to Hertford in the 1580s or 1590s, and to Nonsuch Palace, Surrey, in 1666, following the Great Fire of London.[17]

From the 1740s onwards they were held, with other Exchequer records, in the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey.[18] In 1859 they were placed in the new Public Record Office, London.[19] They are now held at The National Archives at Kew. The ancient Domesday chest, in which they were kept in the 17th and 18th centuries, is also preserved at Kew.

In modern times, the books have been removed from London on only a few exceptional occasions: in 1861–3 they were sent to Southampton for photozincographic reproduction;[20] in 1918–19, during World War I, they were evacuated (with other Public Record Office documents) to Bodmin Prison, Cornwall; and similarly in 1939–45, during World War II, they were evacuated to Shepton Mallet Prison, Somerset.[21][22]

Binding[edit] The volumes have been rebound on several occasions. Little Domesday was rebound in 1320 (the older oak boards were re-used). Both volumes appeared to gain new covers in the Tudor period. In modern times, they were rebound in 1819; again in 1869, by the binder Robert Riviere. They were rebound in 1952, when their physical makeup was examined in greater detail. They were rebound in 1986 for the survey's ninth centenary. On this occasion Great Domesday was divided into two physical volumes, and Little Domesday into three volumes.[23][24]

Publication[edit] Main article: Publication of Domesday Book

Entries for Croydon and Cheam, Surrey, in the 1783 edition of Domesday Book The project to publish Domesday was begun by the government in 1773, and the book appeared in two volumes in 1783, set in "record type" to produce a partial-facsimile of the manuscript. In 1811, a volume of indexes was added. In 1816 a supplementary volume, separately indexed, was published containing

The Exon Domesday—for the south-western counties The Inquisitio Eliensis The Liber Winton—surveys of Winchester late in the 12th century. The Boldon Buke—a survey of the bishopric of Durham a century later than Domesday Photographic facsimiles of Domesday Book, for each county separately, were published in 1861–1863, also by the government. Today, Domesday Book is available in numerous editions, usually separated by county and available with other local history resources.

In 1986, the BBC released the BBC Domesday Project, the results of a project to create a survey to mark the 900th anniversary of the original Domesday Book. In August 2006 the contents of Domesday went online, with an English translation of the book's Latin. Visitors to the website are able to look up a place name and see the index entry made for the manor, town, city or village. They can also, for a fee, download the relevant page.

Importance[edit]

In 1986, memorial plaques were installed in settlements mentioned in Domesday Book The Domesday Book is critical to understanding the period in which it was written. As H. C. Darby noted, anyone who uses it

can have nothing but admiration for what is the oldest 'public record' in England and probably the most remarkable statistical document in the history of Europe. The continent has no document to compare with this detailed description covering so great a stretch of territory. And the geographer, as he turns over the folios, with their details of population and of arable, woodland, meadow and other resources, cannot but be excited at the vast amount of information that passes before his eyes.[25]

The author of the article on the book in the eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica noted, "To the topographer, as to the genealogist, its evidence is of primary importance, as it not only contains the earliest survey of each township or manor, but affords, in the majority of cases, a clue to its subsequent descent."

Darby also notes the inconsistencies, saying that "when this great wealth of data is examined more closely, perplexities and difficulties arise."[26] One problem is that the clerks who compiled this document "were but human; they were frequently forgetful or confused." The use of Roman numerals also led to countless mistakes. Darby states, "Anyone who attempts an arithmetical exercise in Roman numerals soon sees something of the difficulties that faced the clerks."[26] But more important are the numerous obvious omissions, and ambiguities in presentation. Darby first cites F. W. Maitland's comment following his compilation of a table of statistics from material taken from the Domesday Book survey, "it will be remembered that, as matters now stand, two men not unskilled in Domesday might add up the number of hides in a county and arrive at very different results because they would hold different opinions as to the meanings of certain formulas which are not uncommon."[27] Darby says that "it would be more correct to speak not of 'the Domesday geography of England', but of 'the geography of Domesday Book'. The two may not be quite the same thing, and how near the record was to reality we can never know."[26]

See also[edit] BBC Domesday Project Category:Places listed in the Domesday Book Cestui que Medieval demography Photozincography of Domesday Book Publication of Domesday Book Quia Emptores Return of Owners of Land, 1873 Taxatio Notes[edit] Jump up ^ "Domesday Book". Merriam-Webster Online. Jump up ^ "Domesday Book". Dictionary.com. Jump up ^ Wintonia being the mediaeval Latin name for the See of Winchester, as for example the traditional signature style of the Bishop of Winchester per Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1160; Probably because it was formerly kept in the custody of the Bishops of Winchester, who traditionally performed the present function of Chancellor of the Exchequer) Jump up ^ Note: One of the commonest abbreviations was TRE, short for the Latin Tempore Regis Eduardi, "in the time of King Edward (the Confessor)", meaning the period immediately before the Norman conquest Jump up ^ The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson: English Traits, Volume 5, p. 250 n. 65.15 (notes by Robert E. Burkholder, Harvard University Press, 1971). Jump up ^ Johnson, C., ed. (1950). Dialogus de Scaccario, the Course of the Exchequer, and Constitutio Domus Regis, the King's Household. London. p. 64. Jump up ^ Cellan-Jones, Rory (13 May 2011). "Domesday Reloaded project: The 1086 version". BBC News. Jump up ^ Hoskins, W.G., A New Survey of England, Devon, London, 1954, p.87 Jump up ^ "Return of Owners of Land, 1873, Wales, Scotland, Ireland". Retrieved 2013-04-15. Jump up ^ Palmer, Alan (1976). 'Kings and Queens of England", p.15. Octopus Books Limited, Great Britain.ISBN 0706405420 Jump up ^ "The Domesday Book". History Magazine. October 2001. Retrieved 2009-02-24. Jump up ^ Roffe, David: Domesday; The Inquest and The Book, pages 224–249. Oxford University Press, 2000. Jump up ^ "Inquisitio Eliensis". Domesday Explorer. Retrieved 24 April 2010. Jump up ^ Alan Cooper, "Extraordinary privilege: the trial of Penenden Heath and the Domesday inquest," The English Historical Review, 1 November 2001 Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, pp. 34–5. Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, p. 55. Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, pp. 55–6. Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, pp. 133–4. Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, pp. 150–52. Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, pp. 155–6. Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, pp. 167–9. Jump up ^ Cantwell, John D. (1991). The Public Record Office, 1838-1958. London: HMSO. pp. 379, 428–30. ISBN 0114402248. Jump up ^ Hallam 1986, pp. 29, 150–51, 157–61, 170–72. Jump up ^ Forde, Helen (1986). Domesday Preserved. London: Public Record Office. ISBN 0-11-440203-5. Jump up ^ Darby, Domesday England (Cambridge: University Press, 1977), p. 12 ^ Jump up to: a b c Darby, Domesday England, p. 13 Jump up ^ Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond (Cambridge, 1897), p. 407 References[edit] Domesday Book: A Complete Translation. London: Penguin, 2003. ISBN 0-14-143994-7. Darby, Henry C. Domesday England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-521-31026-1 Hallam, Elizabeth M. Domesday Book through Nine Centuries. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1986. Keats-Rohan, Katherine S. B. Domesday People: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166. 2v. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1999. Holt, J. C. Domesday Studies. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 1987. ISBN 0-85115-263-5 Lennard, Reginald. Rural England 1086–1135: A Study of Social and Agrarian Conditions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959. ISBN 0-19-821272-0 Maitland, F. W. Domesday Book and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-521-34918-4 Roffe, David. Domesday: The Inquest and The Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-19-820847-2 Roffe, David. Decoding Domesday. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84383-307-9 Vinogradoff, Paul. English Society in the Eleventh Century. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1908. Wood, Michael. The Domesday Quest: In Search of the Roots of England. London: BBC Books, 2005. ISBN 0-563-52274-7 Wikisource: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica: Domesday Book Further reading[edit] Bates, David (1985). A Bibliography of Domesday Book. Woodbridge: Boydell. ISBN 0-85115-433-6. Bridbury, A. R. (1990). "Domesday Book: a re-interpretation". English Historical Review 105: 284–309. doi:10.1093/ehr/cv.ccccxv.284. Darby, Henry C. (2003). The Domesday Geography of Eastern England. Domesday Geography of England 1 (revised 3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521893968. Darby, Henry C.; Terrett, I. B., eds. (1971). The Domesday Geography of Midland England. Domesday Geography of England 2 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521080789. Darby, Henry C.; Campbell, Eila M. J., eds. (1961). The Domesday Geography of South-East England. Domesday Geography of England 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521047706. Darby, Henry C.; Maxwell, I. S., eds. (1977). The Domesday Geography of Northern England. Domesday Geography of England 4 (corrected ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521047730. Darby, R. Welldon; Finn, eds. (1979). The Domesday Geography of South West England. Domesday Geography of England 5 (corrected ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521047714. Finn, R. Welldon (1973). Domesday Book: a guide. London: Phillimore. ISBN 0-85033-101-3. Snooks, Graeme D.; McDonald, John (1986). Domesday Economy: a new approach to Anglo-Norman history. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-828524-8. Hamshere, J. D. (1987). "Regressing Domesday Book: tax assessments of Domesday England". Economic History Review. n.s. 40: 247–51. doi:10.2307/2596690. Leaver, R. A. (1988). "Five hides in ten counties: a contribution to the Domesday regression debate". Economic History Review. n.s. 41: 525–42. doi:10.2307/2596600. McDonald, John; Snooks, G. D. (1985). "Were the tax assessments of Domesday England artificial?: the case of Essex". Economic History Review. n.s. 38: 352–72. doi:10.2307/2596992. Sawyer, Peter, ed. (1985). Domesday Book: a reassessment. London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0713164409. Volumes of the Phillimore series, one for each county (e.g. Thorn, C. et al. (eds.) (1979) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore) which contain the Latin in facsimile with an English translation. External links[edit] Wikisource has original text related to this article: Domesday survey Wikimedia Commons has media related to Domesday Book. Commercial Site selling Domesday Book on The National Archives website, home of Domesday Book. Search facilities are free of charge. Downloads are chargeable. Electronic Edition of Domesday Book, complete text available at the UK Data Archive. Searchable index of landholders in 1066 and 1087, Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (PASE) project. Focus on Domesday, from Learning Curve. Annotated sample page. Secrets of the Norman Invasion Domesday analysis of wasted manors. Domesday Book place-name forms All the original spellings of English place-names in Domesday Book (link to pdf file). Domesday Book Online Simple to use directory with interactive map of England in Norman times Commercial site with extracts from Domesday Book Domesday Book entries including translations for each settlement. Open Domesday Interactive map, listing details of each manor or holdings of each tenant, plus high-resolution images of the original manuscript. Site by Anna Powell-Smith, Domesday data created by Professor J.J.N. Palmer, University of Hull. In Our Time - the Domesday Book. BBC Radio 4 program available on iPlayer [show] v t e Norman conquest of England Categories: Domesday Book11th-century books11th-century manuscriptsCensusesCollection of The National Archives (United Kingdom)Taxation in medieval EnglandNational censusesWilliam the Conqueror---