User:Bergumar/Epidemiology of pneumonia

Changes/additions to the Lead section
There are various causes of pneumonia including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Pneumonia can be acquired from different sources such as in hospitals, the community, or through use of ventilators.

South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest prevalence of pneumonia in the world.

We can prevent and treat pneumonia through vaccines, proper treatments, and healthy practices.

Community-acquired pneumonia
-Community acquired pneumonia is the source of most pneumonia cases and is categorized as cases of pneumonia developed outside of the hospital or medical facilities.

-Community acquired pneumonia is one of the leading causes of hospitalization due to an infectious agent.

-Older age, history of smoking, and having comorbidities are major risk factors for contracting community acquired pneumonia.

-Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, a type of typical agent, cause about 50% of this form of pneumonia.

-Respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria are also responsible for causing many cases of community acquired pneumonia.

-There is estimated to be an incidence rate of 1.5 to 14 cases per 1000 person-years across the globe.

-Location, demographics, and seasons all affect the incidence rates of community acquired pneumonia.

Changes/additions to children section
-Out of all deaths of children age five and under in 2017, pneumonia was the cause of 15%, killing more children than any other infectious disease.

United Kingdom
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Europe
-Each year, Europe suffers from 230,000 deaths caused by pneumonia.

-Community acquired pneumonia causes more deaths in Europe than any other single infectious agent.

-Community acquired pneumonia has an incidence rate of 1.7-11.6 cases per 1000 people each year in Europe.

-The rates of community acquired pneumonia vary by country, but there is an estimated one million people hospitalized in Europe due to this condition per year.

-Hospital acquired pneumonia has an incidence rate of about .05-2% and has the highest mortality rates of any infection.

United States
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Africa
-In 2015, pneumonia was responsible for the deaths of 920,136 African children under the age of five years old.

-Africa has the second highest incidence rate of pneumonia of children under five years old at 0.33 episodes per child per year.

-A third of African children do not receive the antibiotics needed to treat the infection which could prevent pneumonia deaths caused by bacteria.

-In Sub-Saharan Africa, there is an estimated four million cases and 200,000 deaths in adult populations per year.

Asia
-In the South East Asian region, there is an estimated 61 million cases of pneumonia in children under five per year, and it is attributed to 19% of the total childhood deaths.

-Incidence rates of childhood pneumonia (under five years old) are greatest in South East Asia with 0.36 episodes per child per year.

-Due to the lack of surveillance in this region, an accurate prevalence rate of pneumonia can be hard to produce.

-There is not a reliable set of data on the incidence or death rates among adult populations in Asia.

Demographics and risk factors
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-Environmental factors such as indoor air pollution, exposure to smoke, and crowded living conditions increase susceptibility to contracting pneumonia.

Prevention and treatments
-A protect, prevent, and treat plan has been created by WHO and UNICEF as an intervention strategy for dealing with pneumonia worldwide. This intervention includes promoting breastfeeding combined with sufficient complementary feeding, vaccinations, proper hygiene/handwashing techniques, managing air pollution indoors, preventing and treating HIV, and providing adequate healthcare to treat the infection such as through antibiotics and oxygen.