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Elena Alexandrovna Melnikova (Елена Александровна Мельникова), born in Buguruslan, Orenburg Oblast is a Soviet and Russian historian, medievalist, and head researcher at the Institute of General History at Russian Academy of Sciences. She has a Ph.D. in history and a bachelor's degree in linguistics.

Biography
After graduating from high school she entered the Romano-Germanic department of the philological faculty of Moscow State University, during her studies she was carried away by the history of the Middle Ages and at the same time studied subjects related to this topic at the history faculty of Moscow State University.

After graduating from the university in 1964, she received an invitation to postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Philology, worked as an English teacher at the Department of Foreign Languages ​​of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964-1965), as a translator at the All-Russian Research Institute of Standardization (1965-1967), taught English at the courses of the Foreign Tourism Office under the Council ministers of the USSR (1967-1971).

Having defended her Ph.D. thesis at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University in 1971 on the topic "Some problems of the Anglo-Saxon heroic epic Beowulf", she received an invitation to work at the Institute of History of the USSR of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IRI RAS), where until 1997 she worked as a junior and then a senior researcher , head of the group for the publication of the collection " Ancient sources on the history of the peoples of the USSR ."

In 1990 she defended her dissertation on the topic "Representations of the Earth in the social thought of Western and Northern Europe in the Middle Ages, V-XV centuries", receiving in 1991 the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences.

Since 1996, he has headed the organizing committee of the annual scientific Readings in memory of V.T. Pashuto "Eastern Europe in antiquity and the Middle Ages".

Since 1997 he has been working at the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Chief Researcher, Head of the Center "Eastern Europe in the Ancient and Medieval World").

She is a foreign member of the Swedish Royal Gustavus Adolphus Academy.

Scholarly activity
She began her career in science with the study of the medieval heroic epic, which later grew into a broader field of research, which included: the history and culture of medieval Scandinavia, Kievan Rus and England of the Viking era ; Russian-Scandinavian ties of the Viking age; runology ; oral tradition in early history writing, Scandinavian sources on the history of Eastern Europe, oral historical tradition and its reflection in early historical descriptions.

Her doctoral dissertation is on medieval geographic views. A student of Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences VT Pashuto, she adopted from him an approach to the study of history in a broad international context, comparing the destinies and traditions of different European countries.

Author of over 250 scientific publications, including 7 monographs.

Member of the editorial board of the scientific journals " Questions of History ", " Russian History " and " Middle Ages ".

Executive editor of the electronic scientific and educational journal "History", release of "The Beginning of the Old Russian State" (together with A.S. Shchavelev ).

Main works

 * Мельникова Е. А. Скандинавские рунические надписи. Тексты, перевод, комментарий. М., 1977 (Свод «Древнейшие источники по истории народов СССР»).
 * Портан Х. Г. Основные черты русской истории // Первый университетский курс истории России за рубежом в XVIII в.: Х. Г. Портан. Основные черты русской истории / Перевод со шведского языка и примечания. М., 1982.
 * Мельникова Е. А. Древнескандинавские географические сочинения: Тексты, перевод, комментарий / Под ред. В. Л. Янина. — М.: Наука, 1986. — Серия «Древнейшие источники по истории народов СССР».
 * Мельникова Е. А. Меч и лира. Англосаксонское общество в истории и эпосе. — М.: Мысль, 1987. — 208 с.: ил. — 50 000 экз.
 * The Eastern World of the Vikings. Eight Essays about Scandinavia and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages. Göteborg, 1996.
 * Мельникова Е. А. Образ мира: географические представления в Западной и Северной Европе. V—XIV века. — М., Янус-К, 1998. — 256 с. — ISBN 5-86218-270-5
 * Древняя Русь в свете зарубежных источников / Под ред. Е. А. Мельниковой. М.: Логос, 1999.
 * Мельникова Е. А. Скандинавские рунические надписи: новые находки и интерпретации. Тексты, перевод, комментарий. — М.: Издательская фирма «Восточная литература» РАН, 2011. — Серия «Древнейшие источники по истории Восточной Европы».
 * Древняя Русь в средневековом мире. Энциклопедия / Под ред. Е. А. Мельниковой, В. Я. Петрухина. — 2-е изд. — М. : Ладомир, 2017.

Literature

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 * (в пер.)