User:Bhat Sahil/sandbox

<!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE - Types Of Asexual Reproduction: 	Types of Asexual Reproduction: •	Fission. •	Budding. •	Spore Formation. •	Regeneration. •	Fragmentation. •	Vegetative Propagation. 	Fission: means to split. It is of two types: 	Binary Fission: It is found in protozoa and bacteria. In this type of reproduction, parent organism seizes to exist and two new organisms come into existence. Example- when amoeba reaches its maximum size of growth, its nucleus lengthens and divides into two parts followed by division of cytoplasm into two parts, one part around each nucleus. In this way, two daughter cells are produced from one parent 	Multiple Fission: This is found in Plasmodium. During the unfavorable conditions a cyst or a protected wall is formed around the cell of plasmodium. Inside the cyst the nucleus of cell splits several times to form many smaller nuclei called as daughter nuclei. Little bit of cytoplasm collect around each daughter nuclei and this membrane are formed around them. When favorable condition arise the cyst breaks and the daughter cell present in it are released each forming a new organism. One plasmodium gives rise to thousands of daughter nuclei. 	Budding: It is formed in hydra and yeast. 	In hydra a bud formed by mitotic divisions of it cells, followed by development of mouth and tentacles in this bud. After some time the bud detaches itself and a new organism is formed. 	Yeast is tiny unicellular, non-green plant, buds appear on the outside of cell wall of yeast. The nucleus of parent yeast cell then divides into two parts and one part of nucleus moves into the bud. After some time the bud separates of forming new yeast Budding is so fast in yeast that all of the new yeast cells remain attached to the parent yeast cell forming a chain of cells. After sometime this chain is broken and each bud becomes an individual organ Corals and Sponges also reproduce by budding but the bud remains attached to the parent organism permanently. These buds then grow and produce buds of their own, therefore forming new colonies.

	Spore Formation/Spore: 	Spore Formation: a parent plant produces hundreds of microscopic reproductive unit called as spores. When the spore case/ sporophore burst then spore spread into air, sometimes seize to land on food under favorable conditions (damp and warm conditions). They germinate and produce new plant. Example- common bread. There is a fungus plant known as rizopus. It spores are present in air and if a moist of bread is is kept aside for few days, these spores settle on it, and germinate to form new fungus plant. 	Spore: spore is a microscopic asexual reproductive body which is covered by a hard protective layer called as sporophore. This coat enables them to survive under unfavorable conditions. But when favorable conditions arrive, these spores grow to produce new plants. Therefore spore are a kind of seeds of plants, spores are usually produced by non flowering plant, fungus, algae etc. 	Regeneration: It is the process of getting back a full organism from its body part. 	E.g. Hydra, Planaria. In Planaria the cell of the body parts divide rapidly to make a ball of cells. The cells which are present within the ball of cells move to their proper places within the ball where they have to form various organs and body parts of the organism. The cell changes their changes to form different type of tissue, which form organs and eventually a new organism. 	Fragmentation: It is the breaking up of the body of a simple multi-cellular organism on maturation. E.g. Spirogyra and Sea Anemone. 	In Spirogyra the filament breaks into two or more fragments and each fragment forms a new Spirogyra. 	Vegetative Propagation: It is only found in plants. 	New plants are obtained from the parts of old plant (leaves, stem, and root) without the help of any reproductive organ. It involves the growth and development of one or more buds present on the old part of the plant to form a new part. These buds are in the dominant state in their old part of the plant and when provided with suitable conditions, these buds grow to form new plants. We have often seen fields having dry stem of old grass plant. Whenever there is a rain shower, the bud on these grass plants get active and form new grass plants. Some examples are: o	Bryophylum: The Bryophylum plant posse’s buds which develops into a new plant. Sometimes the buds of the leaves detach and fall to the ground and produce new Bryophylum. o	Money Plant: A new money plant is produced using a piece of its stem. The stem is cut in such a way that it contains one leaf on it. Experiment: Dip one end of the stem in water and after few days new roots appear at the node. The node is the growing part of the money plant o	Tuber: These are the modified underground stems and are swollen with stored food. They have a number of bud/eyes which grow into a new plant. When the old tuber is planted into the soil e.g. Potato. The buds on the potato act as organ for vegetative reproduction when planted in soil because it forms new plants. The other examples are Onion, Garlic, Lily etc

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