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SHRUTI AND SAPTAK

Saptak of Harmonium
Saptak:When the set of seven notes is played in the order it is called a Saptak (i.e. Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni) Madh Saptak: The normal tone of human voice, which is neither high nor low. It is called Madh saptak (middle octave). This has got no symbol in the notation system and is notated as simple (S). Taar Saptak: The one higher than Madh Saptak is a taar saptak (high octave). The notes are high and sharp. Taar saptak is in right side of middle saptak and with a sign of apostrophe on right side e.g.(S'). Mandr Saptak : The one below the Madh Saptak is called Mandr (low). Notes of this octave are sung or played in a low deep tone. This comprises of the saptak that is below the lower Sa. Notes of this saptak are indicated by a sign of apostrophe on left side e.g. ('S). In these saptak (octave) the Sa gets repeated after the Ni. The Frequency of the second Sa is twice the frequency of the first Sa. The second Sa is termed as Taar. In some keyboards from this Taar the same saptak gets repeated (But this time at twice the frequency of the respective swar) The Indian musical scale is said to have evolved from 3 notes to a scale of 7 primary notes, on the basis of 22 intervals. A scale is divided into 22 shrutis or intervals, and these are the basis of the musical notes. Musicians as Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha and Ni know the 7 notes of the scale. These 7 notes of the scale do not have equal intervals between them. A Saptak is a group of 7 notes, divided by the intervals as given below: Sa     Re    Ga   Ma          Pa         Dha       Ni 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 The first and fifth notes (Sa and Pa) do not alter their positions on this interval. The other 5 notes can change their positions in the interval, leading to different ragas. Refernce :https://harmonium-learning-centre.blogspot.com/