User:Binksternet/Mercury


 * See http://wikinfo.org/w/images/7/71/CaliforniaQuicksilver.jpg for a list of California mine.


 * Andrew Scott Johnston, Mercury and the Making of California: Mining, Landscape, and Race, 1840–1890 Series: Mining the American West, University Press of Colorado (September 2013} ISBN 978-1607322429

Mercury mining in California From : Jimmie Schneider, Quicksilver: The Complete History of Santa Clara County's New Almaden Mine, Zella Schneider Pub (November 1992), hardcover, 178 pages, ISBN 0963457705 ISBN 978-0963457707 When the Nineteenth Century arrived new troubles confronted the Spanish; the ferment of revolution crystallized in the Spanish American colonies. When the New World revolution succeeded, Spain's opulent revenues from the Americas vanished, yet Spain continued as an economic threat by controlling the quicksilver supply. At this point Spain invited bids for a new long-term lease of their Almaden mine and had recently completed a 15,000,000 franc loan from the Rothschilds. Lionel, the son of Nathan Rothschild, appeared in Madrid to enter a bid. With the Almaden mine in their portfolio the Rothschilds also made a deal covering the Idria mine, so the quicksilver monopoly was as tight as ever. In the freshly liberated American colonies, where mining was the chief occupation, the price of quicksilver marched upward with the result that many marginal Western mines went to the wall. The Mexican authorities, realizing that the whole fabric of their economy depended upon this metal, made useless attempts to obtain it on more favorable terms from Spain. Unsuccessful in this, a law was passed in 1843 offering a reward to the first four entrepreneurs who extracted 2,000 quintals of mercury from a Mexican mine. The Junta de Formento was established to encourage prospecting but to no avail, until Andres Castillero found a mountain of cinnabar in California. "During the 14 years that Barron-Forbes operated the mine, including the two years it was closed by a federal injunction, it produced something over 340,000 flasks of quicksilver worth slightly over $18,000,000, of which over half was profit despite all the troubles. Full-scale operations did not get under way until July of 1850 and in this half year 7,723 flasks of quicksilver were produced that sold for prices ranging from $85 to $115 a flask. The first full year, 1851, burning extremely rich ore, production rose to 27,779 flasks and even under a declining market price, with liberal terms for payment, the income exceeded $2,000,000. Barron-Forbes, by judiciously controlling their output, freely supplied all the Hispanic-American and California markets, drove a competitive wedge into the Rothschild monopoly, and allowed prices to decline from $115 to $34 a flask in 1861. This acted as a deterrent to quicksilver prospecting; only two new mines appeared in this decade."
 * "Mercury rising – Inactive mines have left a mess behind"
 * "Poisoned fish: An old mercury mine taints California waters"
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=VCRxnObbsSIC&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=s_DNk6aB_s&sig=mY8rUaH-7id1UuO7x4dF2WZfkvM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_dh6UOWLFYm3qAGNnYBA&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=lLd0hWY52HkC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=x5zZGjOU5T&sig=49hYqUE05WpSW8nQsqBTe_ofKQo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_dh6UOWLFYm3qAGNnYBA&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=wkjSHohuWUoC&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=ajfo-eIE-7&sig=SBZb2u6y_qWQl_CfUOcfy0chGZw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_dh6UOWLFYm3qAGNnYBA&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=wtFSzEreEGUC&pg=PA483&lpg=PA483&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=ZTjEVIu5Tr&sig=DT-Pt2oAW1Mqy8_aKM_oy_CW-wA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W9t6ULSCEIrriwKn4IH4Aw&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=QDOg61ctwicC&pg=PA396&lpg=PA396&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=5Eg7j66qU3&sig=aEVQuYN0AUviesBY2K0E1nJepM4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W9t6ULSCEIrriwKn4IH4Aw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=EQedpB0bxVAC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=sXK8B74GUw&sig=OPxmwTB5lGXiTOCz2Zp-MH6y614&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_dh6UOWLFYm3qAGNnYBA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=hnWxnCHc5eMC&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=McduO_03CD&sig=nzW-JicocJliFiM1ySwNN1v8n_o&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_dh6UOWLFYm3qAGNnYBA&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/alm.htm
 * http://museumca.org/creeks/z-mercurymines.html
 * https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/webprogram/Paper212985.html
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=_vmxY5pSSsMC&pg=PA128&lpg=PA128&dq=california+mercury+mining+gold+almaden+rothschild&source=bl&ots=GoNYWJ5ouC&sig=BqEQVCyJZDAbjnBm6atR2Z-LqiI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_dh6UOWLFYm3qAGNnYBA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=california%20mercury%20mining%20gold%20almaden%20rothschild&f=false
 * http://www.schweich.com/geoCASLORinconadaMine.html
 * http://www.schweich.com/caslorinconadamineA.html
 * http://www.schweich.com/caslorinconadamineA.html
 * http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/mercury-in-the-bay-part-1/
 * http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs06100/pdf/fs06100.pdf
 * http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/minerals/hazardous_minerals/mercury/Pages/index.aspx
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=90hLp8aGrgIC&pg=PA157&lpg=PA157&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=IEZBWJGKcQ&sig=zALUgauLOkKoB50BdnwlDltRuqo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4-d6UPnjLM6tqAHAwICICA&ved=0CGMQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=mercury%20mining%20california&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=KUuTNpX69LoC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=ISTi8jpZ70&sig=eCzyTyQYApXy34C7fuzgEtm9rHA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4-d6UPnjLM6tqAHAwICICA&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCA
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=AFOQiv2QwooC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=n_f_9u4vSh&sig=F1BSEEztk7CW1GAmb0rScaDDEWc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4-d6UPnjLM6tqAHAwICICA&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=mercury%20mining%20california&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=1etfSdk55SYC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=yCEU9LGKWS&sig=s6DyKIu0xOithqe4hWVKV2gR148&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4-d6UPnjLM6tqAHAwICICA&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=mercury%20mining%20california&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=nMEzAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=H1nyjbVzSP&sig=yylgRAgkW3LGWiudtlq_e2d6iTE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4-d6UPnjLM6tqAHAwICICA&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=mercury%20mining%20california&f=false
 * Mercury Contamination from Historic Gold Mining in California, Charles N. Alpers, Michael P. Hunerlach, Jason T. May, Roger L. Hothem. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005
 * "Mercury Contamination from Historical Gold Mining in California", Charles N. Alpers, Michael P. Hunerlach, Jason T. May, and Roger L. Hothem. USGS 2005
 * Mining California: An Ecological History, Andrew C. Isenberg. Macmillan, 2006
 * "A Mass Balance Mercury Budget for a Mine-Dominated Lake: Clear Lake, California"
 * "Mercury in Bay Area Fish a Legacy of California Mining"
 * http://www.nwma.org/pdf/NWMA%20Isham%20House%20AML%20Testimony%20Nov%202009.pdf
 * http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/prog/aml/project_page/helen.html
 * http://www.1849.org/ggg/mercury.html
 * http://www1.ucsc.edu/currents/00-01/11-06/pollution.html
 * http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/research/highlights_archive/hg.html
 * http://geoimages.berkeley.edu/GeoImages/BainCalif/subjects/MiningMercury.html
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=fOXr1gWv4ckC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=ib0xgWyJsX&sig=bM_rmcITizhFBKEfRMd_YP73TkY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=guh6UMbeDJT5qAHayYG4Dw&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBDgK
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=gqc8wUvsI8cC&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=nnPMQPoDyc&sig=0_3zN1sb8rvhkGqq2QbQ8H25MrY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=guh6UMbeDJT5qAHayYG4Dw&ved=0CGYQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=mercury%20mining%20california&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=_NdjXZ4IU0EC&pg=PA120&lpg=PA120&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=4arzPNldvt&sig=vYPVyQwzyGVjhZYgb5yP3_dFaEY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=guh6UMbeDJT5qAHayYG4Dw&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=mercury%20mining%20california&f=false
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=bAxaq8qdHE0C&pg=PA242&lpg=PA242&dq=mercury+mining+california&source=bl&ots=KRoTsXhkth&sig=jMNCNfRU3VYEULG_beeb53kNpTY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0-p6UIWXH-vPigL9t4H4DA&ved=0CGgQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=mercury%20mining%20california&f=false


 * Almadén, Spain
 * Idrija, Slovenia
 * Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija
 * Huancavelica, Peru
 * Rothschild family
 * Lionel de Rothschild
 * Category:Mines in California
 * Category:Mercury mines in California
 * New Almaden, California
 * New Idria, California
 * St. John's Mine, California
 * Sulphur Bank Mine, California
 * Hastings Mine, California
 * Boston Mine
 * Rinconada Mine
 * Mount Diablo Mine
 * Helen Mine
 * Copper Bluff Mine
 * Cherry Hill Mine
 * Manhattan Mine
 * Oat Hill Mine
 * Gambonini Mine
 * Aurora Mine
 * Category:Mercury mines in the United States
 * Almaden Quicksilver County Park
 * Mercury (element)
 * Methylmercury
 * Mercury poisoning
 * Mercury regulation in the United States