User:Bitterwater/sandbox

Article Evaluation: "Racism in the Arab World"
This article seems in places to be a summary of existing articles about racism. The article is proving the point that there is racism in the parts of the Arab world that are listed in this article because there is a lot of denial that racism is occuring in those places. A lot of locations are missing. In the talk section there is discussion specifically about the absense of Palestine on the list. It seems like the authors are trying to say either Arabs are racist or not, but it would be more helpful to look at a history of racism in various countries and how those ideas developed, not just the presence of racism today.

Some important aspects of this topic that are missing are the history of slavery in the Arab world, and the influence of colonization on racist attitudes (ie were do these racist ideas originate). In class, we’ve talked about racism as relating to the slave trade in countries under Muslim and Christian rule, and this article does not mention that.

The "Ideology" section is hard to follow. It seems to be a list of different articles and statements being made about “arabism” which isn’t defined.

There wasn’t much of an explanation of terms, like what racial categories are used in these places, and how people are categorized.

The article says that race and racism are “previously forbidden topics” in the Arab world but does not cite this, only citing a recent article that does talk about racism.

The section “Racist Attitudes” doesn’t make any claims but rather summarizes the claims made by the articles. Sources are provided without any analysis but the links do work. Both are opinion pieces from newspapers which is not noted. Additionally, the article doesn’t provide sources for the comments made in this section because it is all a quote/paraphrase, and the sources of the original authors are not cited.

Behind the scenes, a conversation is going on about whether to call the article “Arab Supremacy,” with many people pointing out that racism occuring doesn’t mean that there is automatically “Arab Supremacy” occuring.

There is also discussion about who is being cited in the article. Akayani says, “Alan Dershowitz and Irwin Cotler can hardly be considered unbiased sources as they have a well know agenda to support Israel that overrides impartiality. In fact I fail to see how this topic can be covered, racism within the Arab world, using American authors without Arabic backgrounds. A review of potential Arab (writing English) authors, reveals a clear preference for writing on racism towards Arabs by others. This article needs sources of Arabic origin which likely are written in Arabic to start with. Without that it is verging on Orientialism.” Irwin Cotler is actually Canadian, yet this question of who gets to define racism is very important, and this section of the talk page seems to be concerned specifically with people who have Zionist beliefs getting to define racism in a place they are not from. There seem to be two concerns: one is who gets to define racism, and who has the power to make broad statements about the “Arab world” and also, what is the role of Zionism in influencing how people think about racism.

The article is a C-rated article, part of a series of articles about racism in various areas of the world. It is part of the wiki projects on sociology, discrimination, ethnic groups, and human rights.

Evaluation
is this section relevant? explicit connection to black panthers is not made other than that these people are Mizrahi: "Although inequalities remain..."

Legacy section is confusing. did Russian panthers base this off of Black Panthers in Israel? article that is cited for that fact says yes:http://panthers.narod.ru/transpotr/aaretzen/ha.htm (unpack this more if going to include it...what was relationship between Russians and Mizrahi jews?)

What is the ethical way to refer to Israel/Palestine in an article about Israeli politics?

What's missing/out of date?
which MENA countries? all?

could do a timeline of protests, meetings, to visually organize the topic (when in early 1971 did they start? was there a catalyzing event?)

elaborate more on first sentence of history...what kind of discrimination, in what was discrimination present since founding of state? was founding of state itself part of discrimination? underlying logics?

who were the founders

how did they "build a base of supporters"

mention of media coverage- expand on this

what was the public committee called?

what specific social programs was the govt going to fund? which offices?

doesn't actually define who biton and abergel are

what inequalities remain and how does success of a few relate to the oppression of many?

what is wadi salib connection? protests were in 1959, Black panthers start in 1971

talk about what research has been done on this topic

were there issues/disagreements within the movement?

what were their organizing strategies?

what were their goals?

what languages did they promote their materials in?

Palestinian solidarity? Zionism?

expand on further reading section

why are some in external links and some in further reading?

references section, link to archive doesn't work

Bias in article
describes them as "angry mob" are there other ways to say this

define success in electoral politics

what do they mean by "oriental question?" discussion in talk page is unclear

Talk page
rated start class (not a stub) part of wiki project Israel and wiki project Morocco

choice to say middle eastern and North African jews was intentional (changed from arab)

unpack what's going on in talk page around "oriental question" and inclusion of the part about successful Mizrahi jews

create subsection, conditions that lead up to their formation (word this better)
In that section, discuss class and racial discrimination in Israeli society and how that connects to Mizrahi immigrants. Link to Wadi Salib article. Link to other articles: Racism in Israel and Mizrahi Jews in Israel (can just say under section heading see also: Racism in Israel and Mizrahi Jews in Israel)

Bernstein's article shows the lead up to the Black Panthers forming, connection to Wadi Salib

Wadi Salib riots (short article)
rated start class (not a stub)

film (referenced in wiki): http://www.amosgitai.com/html/film.asp?docid=35&lang=1

Grinberg, Lev Luis. “1959 — Wadi Salib Riots: Culminating a Decade of Ethnic Discrimination.” Mo(Ve)Ments of Resistance: Politics, Economy and Society in Israel/Palestine 1931-2013, Academic Studies Press, Boston, 2014, pp. 90–121. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt21h4xqw.9.

Roby, K.. The Mizrahi Era of Rebellion: Israel's Forgotten Civil Rights Struggle 1948-1966. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2015. Project MUSE,

Myriam Ben (appears in list in this article: History of the Jews in Algeria but does not have a page yet)
summary of her here: https://referenceworks-brillonline-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/ben-myriam-SIM_000694?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world&s.q=myriam+ben

she’s in the french wikipedia: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriam_Ben

her work in mirlyn is all in French, as are most sources I'm finding on her. Probably not a good topic to choose because I don't speak French.

Reuven Abergel stub class article
needs inline citations

mini video on him: https://twitter.com/aptly_engineerd/status/872133340794683393?lang=en

interview: https://vimeo.com/6718957

rules on writing about living persons: Biographies of living persons

talk by Abergel: http://www.tarabut.info/en/articles/article/Becoming-A-Social-Activist/

about Abergel attending a Sukkot ritual/protest: https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/article/669084

article about black panther Haggadah (putting this in Abergel article as opposed to Black Panthers article doesn't make sense, want to give credit to all involved): https://search-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/1676445811?pq-origsite=summon

Charlie Biton rated start class article but very short
article about his arrest: https://search-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/894558761?pq-origsite=summon&accountid=14667 lots of newspaper articles not scholarly sources

History of the Jews in Mauritania stub class article
article mostly talks about Mauritania's relationship to Israel but not what happened to Jews there

source that is linked to ( https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/mauritania-virtual-jewish-history-tour) links back to wikipedia, and also links to page about jews in tunisia

Jewish presence in Mauritania and Sudan in Middle Ages: https://books.google.com/books?id=XHBjAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=jews+of+mauritania&source=bl&ots=eIIx7MPaB2&sig=a86pUbcMciP4wbw4uP-71wgHrWY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1yqvMsOjdAhWH1IMKHX2pB0sQ6AEwDXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=jews%20of%20mauritania&f=false

there is nothing going on in the talk page

wiki page about Mauritania clarifies that modern day country is different location than ancient Mauretania which is likely what the first paragraph of this article is referring to

another source that is likely talking about late ancient Maruetania: https://books.google.com/books?id=eTsyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=jews+of+mauritania&source=bl&ots=2GlGDpJNlv&sig=TzJ7eop-mo8Ehm89THNnLWIrv6U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHla7lsujdAhWCn4MKHeQgDnM4ChDoATAAegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=jews%20of%20mauritania&f=false

Ben farès Mosque stub class article
former synagogue in Algeria now a mosque

sources for article are in French

nothing happening on talk page

starting place on facts about synagogue: http://archive.diarna.org/site/detail/public/292/ which uses this page as a source, look up names of people mentioned, streets, etc to get more results in mirlyn: http://casbah-algeria.blogspot.com/2008/09/djamma-lihoud-old-grand-synagogue-of.html

one mention to destruction of synagogue here: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/algiers

mention to syngagogue being destroyed here: https://referenceworks-brillonline-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/algiers-COM_0001390?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world&s.q=great+synagogue+of+algiers

if there is one synagogue in Algiers, this entry makes reference to destruction and also to A synagogue in Algiers' Yom Kippur address in 1963-65, not sure if it's the great synagogue, makes reference to there being multiple synagogues in Algiers

page 80-81 describes style of great synagogue https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101046893127;view=1up;seq=150 talks about multiple synagogues in 1900

there's a synagogue in Miami built like the great synagogue: Temple Emanu-El (Miami Beach, Florida)

also called grand synagogue of Algiers according to http://archive.diarna.org/site/detail/public/292/ looked that up in mirlyn and found filmmaker remembering being there for circumcisions https://search-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/153165492?pq-origsite=summon&accountid=14667

another article about the same movie scene: https://search-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/920433546?pq-origsite=summon&accountid=14667

Proposed additions/changes
Add to History:

The movement began in late 1970 and early 1971 by young, local organizers in the Musrara neighborhood of Jerusalem, in reaction to discrimination against Mizrahi Jews, which existed since the establishment of the state. The Black Panthers pointed to the different attitude of the Ashkenazi Establishment towards the immigrants from the Soviet Union, versus discrimination faced by immigrants from North Africa and the Middle East. The movement's founders protested "ignorance from the establishment for the hard social problems", and wanted to fight for a different future. The founders were a group of ten 18-20 year old people who were the children of Moroccan immigrants to Israel. Some of the founding members included Reuven Abergil, Charlie Biton, Sa’adia Marciano and Kohavi Shemesh.

The Black Panthers created a flyer, calling for a demonstration:

"We, a group of screwed-up youths, address all those who have had

enough:

Enough with no work.

Enough sleeping ten in a room.

Enough looking at the projects constructed for the olim.

Enough taking jail and brutality every other day.

Enough with government broken promises.

We’ve had enough disenfranchisement.

We’ve had enough discrimination.

How long will they give to us and we will keep silent.

Alone we won’t do anything—Together we will make it.

Demonstrating for our right to be like all other citizens in this state.

The demonstration will be held on Wednesday, at 3:30 pm, in Jaffa Street outside City Hall."

At the bottom is signed "The Black Panthers"

At the beginning of March 1971, the Black Panthers applied for a permit for their first demonstration. The Israeli police denied the permit and contacted the Prime Minister. The police arrested some of the organizers ahead of the protest. The Panthers proceeded with the demonstration anyway, gathering in front of Jerusalem's City Hall on March 3, 1971. They passed out a leaflet calling for actions to stop class and ethnic discrimination within Jewish Israeli society and for the release of the arrested organizers. 200-300 people showed up. Protests by the Israeli Black Panthers led to media coverage and being contacted by various organizations.

On 18 May 1971, also known as "The Night of the Panthers," the Israeli Black Panthers organized 5,000 and 7,000 people to gather in a mass demonstration. The protest started in Davidka Square in Jerusalem and when they started heading to Zion Square seven hours of clashes between police and demonstrators began. The demonstrators also demanded to change the name of the square to Kikar Yehadut HaMizrah (Eastern Jewry Square). Oz Frankel describes "A police water cannon sprayed rioters with jets of water dyed green, only increasing the panic on the street. More than 100 people were arrested, many just onlookers, with several instances of police brutality recorded. Arrests continued into the following day. Close to midnight, demonstrators threw three Molotov cocktails." Prime Minister Golda Meir dismissed the protestors, calling for unity among Jews. "The government then pressured the Panthers to join the establishment‐approved Alliance of Moroccan Immigrants. The Panthers relented, temporarily, so that their jailed comrades would be released."

At end, change to:

Through the many protests they organized and the media they created, the Israeli Black Panther activists brought attention to and gave language and context to the discrimination towards Mizrahi and Sephardi immigrants in Israel-Palestine, and they are remembered many different ways, depending on who is telling the story, and how success is defined.

(subsection: naming of the Black Panthers)
According to Lubin, the group signed their first flyer "Mousrara-Harlem," drawing a parallel between the living conditions of black Americans and black Israelis, however the flyer that Lubin references is signed "The Black Panthers." There may have been earlier flyers signed "Mousrara Harlem." Frankel references a sign that said Musrara=Harlem.

According to Bernstein, the name 'The Black Panthers' started when a member of the group said "'We will be like the Black Panthers' in the sense of being militant and frightening the establishment." A journalist then referred to the group as the Black Panthers and afterwards, the group and their opponents started referring to them as The Black Panthers. Founding member Charlie Biton recounts that the name was not chosen just to provoke shock. Another founder, Reuven Abergil agrees that there was an intentional parallel being drawn between racism in Israel and racism in the U.S.

(subsection: legacy)
During the late 1990s and early 2000s a movement by the name the Russian Panthers (as a reference to the Black Panthers) was formed after attacks against Russian-speaking immigrants.

Text box:
change MK to members of Knesset if that is what was meant by that abbreviation? How well known is that abbreviation? Watch talk page for answers to clarify.

update: in response to my comment someone made it so when you mouse over MK it shows "Members of the Knesset"

Lead
which MENA countries? all?

Bernstein says the founding members were all Moroccan but wiki says they were second generation immigrants, how do the founding members describe themselves?

source to back up that it was one of the first? Is this statement true?

maybe change word choice of "social justice" to something like giving Mizrahi Israeli citizens equal rights to Ashkenazi Israeli citizens, or specify some of their demands as Bernstein goes over

History
clarify that didn't just begin in Musrara, was local organizers (cite Bernstein and Lubin)

page 134 of "the black panthers and the PLO" says there are 10 people who organized first protest

what does Bernstein mean by street-corner group?

Change: "The movement began early in 1971 in the Musrara neighborhood of Jerusalem, in reaction to discrimination against Mizrahi Jews, which it considered to have existed since the establishment of the state. The Black Panthers felt that this discrimination could be seen in the different attitude of the Ashkenazi Establishment towards the olim from the Soviet Union. The movement's founders protested "ignorance from the establishment for the hard social problems", and wanted to fight for a different future."

to: "The movement began in late 1970 and early 1971 by young, local organizers in the Musrara neighborhood of Jerusalem, in reaction to discrimination against Mizrahi Jews, which existed since the establishment of the state. The Black Panthers pointed to the different attitude of the Ashkenazi Establishment towards the immigrants from the Soviet Union, versus discrimination faced by immigrants from North Africa and the Middle East. The movement's founders protested "ignorance from the establishment for the hard social problems", and wanted to fight for a different future. The founders were a group of ten 18-20 year old people who were the children of Moroccan immigrants to Israel. Some of the founding members included Reuven Abergil, Charlie Biton, Sa’adia Marciano and Kohavi Shemesh.

Note: terminology Did Black Panthers use the term Mizrahi to describe themselves? Were they focussed on only discrimination towards Magrehbi/North African Jews? Also Middle Eastern Jews? Yes (lubin) Jews from Ethiopia? According to Lubin page 135 they used the term black to describe themselves as well as Mizrahi- see discussion on page 136-37 on discussion of being racialized as black)

Include this photo in top of history section: https://search.socialhistory.org/Record/COLL00308/ArchiveContentList#2292 flyer from first demonstration (translation from Lubin, Quoted in Chetrit, Intra-Jewish Ethnic Conflict in Israel.) (doesn't make sense with the new flow of the article to add the text of the flyer here, but would be good as an image)

for uploading photos from wiki guide:

"If it’s not your own work, make sure the image is explicitly described as CC BY-SA, CC BY, or public domain. Name the creator of the image, and link to the source."

image does not say that so can't include.

The Black Panthers created a flyer, calling for a demonstration:

"We, a group of screwed-up youths, address all those who have had

enough:

Enough with no work.

Enough sleeping ten in a room.

Enough looking at the projects constructed for the olim.

Enough taking jail and brutality every other day.

Enough with government broken promises.

We’ve had enough disenfranchisement.

We’ve had enough discrimination.

How long will they give to us and we will keep silent.

Alone we won’t do anything—Together we will make it.

Demonstrating for our right to be like all other citizens in this state.

The demonstration will be held on Wednesday, at 3:30 pm, in Jaffa Street outside City Hall."

At the bottom is signed "The Black Panthers"

Change: "At the beginning of March 1971, the Israel Police denied the Black Panthers a permit for a demonstration; the Panthers ignored this decision and proceeded with the demonstration illegally, protesting the distress of the poverty, the gap between poor and rich in Israel, and the ethnic tensions within Jewish Israeli society. The movement successfully built a base of supporters, both in the public and in the media."

To "At the beginning of March 1971, the Black Panthers applied for a permit for their first demonstration. The Israeli police denied the permit and contacted the Prime Minister. The police arrested some of the organizers ahead of the protest. The Panthers proceeded with the demonstration anyway, gathering in front of Jerusalem's City Hall on March 3, 1971. They passed out a leaflet calling for actions to stop class and ethnic discrimination within Jewish Israeli society and for the release of the arrested organizers. 200-300 people showed up. The movement successfully built a base of supporters, both in the public and in the media."

Change "On 18 May 1971, "The Night of the Panthers", between 5,000 and 7,000 demonstrators gathered in Zion Square in Jerusalem in a militant protest against the racial discrimination. The demonstrators even demanded to change the name of the square to Kikar Yehadut HaMizrah (Eastern Jewry Square). This demonstration was also held without police permission. The security forces that came to disperse the demonstration encountered an angry mob who threw stones and Molotov cocktails. Both police and demonstrators were injured in the clash; 20 were hospitalized, and 74 demonstrators were arrested by the police."

to: On 18 May 1971, also known as "The Night of the Panthers," the Israeli Black Panthers organized 5,000 and 7,000 people to gather in a mass demonstration. The protest started in Davidka Square in Jerusalem and when they started heading to Zion Square seven hours of clashes between police and demonstrators began. The demonstrators also demanded to change the name of the square to Kikar Yehadut HaMizrah (Eastern Jewry Square). Oz Frankel describes "A police water cannon sprayed rioters with jets of water dyed green, only increasing the panic on the street. More than 100 people were arrested, many just onlookers, with several instances of police brutality recorded. Arrests continued into the following day. Close to midnight, demonstrators threw three Molotov cocktails." Prime Minister Golda Meir dismissed the protestors, calling for unity among Jews. "The government then pressured the Panthers to join the establishment‐approved Alliance of Moroccan Immigrants. The Panthers relented, temporarily, so that their jailed comrades would be released."

change: "The young Black Panther activists raised public consciousness to the "Oriental question", which subsequently played a role in Israeli political debate in the 1970s and 1980s, contributing to Likud success in that period. Although inequalities remain, many Mizrahi Jews have over the years entered the mainstream of Israeli political, military, cultural and economic life, including Moroccan-born Amir Peretz and David Levy, Iraqi-born Shlomo Hillel, Benjamin Ben-Eliezer and Yitzhak Mordechai and Iranian-born Shaul Mofaz and Moshe Katzav."

to: Through the many protests they organized and the media they created, the Israeli Black Panther activists brought attention to and gave language and context to the discrimination towards Mizrahi and Sephardi immigrants in Israel/Palestine, and they are remembered many different ways, depending on who is telling the story, and how success is defined.

create subsection, Naming of the Black Panthers
According to Lubin, the group signed their first flyer "Mousrara-Harlem," drawing a parallel between the living conditions of black Americans and black Israelis, however the flyer that Lubin references is signed "The Black Panthers." There may have been earlier flyers signed "Mousrara Harlem." Frankel references a sign that said Musrara=Harlem.

According to Bernstein, the name 'The Black Panthers' started when a member of the group said "'We will be like the Black Panthers' in the sense of being militant and frightening the establishment." A journalist then referred to the group as the Black Panthers and afterwards, the group and their opponents started referring to them as The Black Panthers. Founding member Charlie Biton recounts that the name was not chosen just to provoke shock. Another founder, Reuven Abergil agrees that there was an intentional parallel being drawn between racism in Israel and racism in the U.S.

don't include this because I haven't seen this story anywhere else:

According to Smooha, one of the founders, Saadia Marciano, met Angela Davis during her visit to Israel in 1971, and afterwards the group named themselves the Black Panthers.

Create section about shift in how they relate to Palestinian activism/Occupation/Zionism
Lubin and Bernstein describe this differently

understanding their connection to zionism and to Palestinians- Bernstein on page 138 discusses their desire to be equal citizens in the state of Israel, underling their "loyalty to the state of Israel," (Bernstein, 138). Is this just Bernstein's opinion or do many people agree, are there conflicting accounts?

On page 141 of the same article, describes shift and debate about relationships to "Arab oppression" does this mean Palestinian?

Bernstein unpacks quote from Abergel about loyalty to a "Jewish state"

create a subsection about becoming involved in the government
Bernstein understands the movement in two phases, a protest movement then a political context, divide content this way?

Legacy
link to Russian panthers source is not credible source, try to find original haaretz article. Unpack the way Russian Israelis are using relationship to who is black and white, when Russian immigrants to Israel are ashkenazi, a group that Black Panthers in Israel were oppressed by? Is that relevant to the scope of my article or leave that part out-- would make more sense under an article about the Russian Panthers probably unless I feel prepared to go into a larger discussion of how the Black Panthers are remembered in Israel/Palestine.

not able to find any credible sources

change:

During the late 1990s and early 2000s a movement by the name the Russian Panthers (as a tribute to the Black Panthers) was formed after racial attacks against Russian-speaking immigrants.

to

During the late 1990s and early 2000s a movement by the name the Russian Panthers (as a reference to the Black Panthers) was formed after attacks against Russian-speaking immigrants.

Citations: For citing multiple pages from same source in wikipedia, see this page: Citing sources

References (adding to an article/start drafting your contribution)
what style citations for wikipedia? look into this

Bernstein, Deborah. "Conflict and Protest in Israeli Society: The Case of the Black Panthers of Israel." Youth & Society 16, no. 2 (1984): 129-152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X84016002002.

Lubin, Alex. "The Black Panthers and the PLO." Chap. 4 in Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Project MUSE., https://muse.jhu.edu/.

in regards to new edits
ask about "dangerous" neighborhood- what made it dangerous was the land mines I think (from the movie we watched)- looked this up and found

Caridi, P. (2015). Musrara, the center of the world. Jerusalem Quarterly, (62), 29. Retrieved from http://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1797897863?accountid=14667

https://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jq-articles/JQ%2062_Musrara.pdf

also lubin- drugs and sex work being sold after 67 war-- if include this make sure not to stigmatize sex workers

center of unified Jerusalem- what does that mean?