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One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) are cricket matches that are played between between two representative teams, each having ODI or WODI status, as determined by the the International Cricket Council (ICC), the global governing body of cricket. ODIs and WODIs consist of one innings per team with a limit of 50 overs per side.

The earliest match now recognized as an ODI was played between England and Australia at Melbourne Cricket Ground in January 1971; since then there have been over 4,000 ODIs. In the first ever ODI match John Edrich of England scored the first ever half century with a score of 82 runs. Dennis Amiss of England scored the first ever century in the second ever ODI in the following year with a score of 103 runs against Australia. The record for the highest individual score steadily increased throughout the 1970s and 1980s until Viv Richards of the West Indies scored an unbeaten 189 runs against England on 23 May 1984. The record would stand for 13 years until it was broken by Saeed Anwar who scored 194 against India on 21 May 1997. The record was tied by Charles Coventry who scored an unbeaten 194 against Bangladesh on 16 August 2009. Anwar's record was finally broken when Sachin Tendulkar scored the first double century in ODI cricket with an unbeaten 200 against South Africa on 24 February 2010. Since then, seven more double centuries have been scored, the highest of which was scored by Rohit Sharma with a score of 264 against Sri Lanka on 13 November 2014. Rohit Sharma is the only player to have scored multiple ODI double centuries with a total of three ODI centuries. New Zealand's Martin Guptill is the highest individual scorer in any ICC tournament with an unbeaten 237 runs against the West Indies at Westpac Stadium, Wellington. in the 2015 Cricket World Cup.

The first WODIs were played as part of the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup on 23 June 1973. The first century in WODIs was scored by Lynne Thomas when she played for England against the International XI in the second ever WODI. The record for the highest individual score was broken twice 1980s. The first 150 in WODIs was scored by Lisa Keightly when she scored an unbeaten 156 against Pakistan on 7 February 1997. Later that year, Belinda Clark broke that record and scored the first double century in WODIs when she scored an unbeaten 229 against Denmark in the 1997 Women's World Cup. Clark's score remains the highest achieved by a captain, as well as the highest individual score in the Women's World Cup. Clark's record was broken by Amelia Kerr of New Zealand on 13 June 2018 when she scored an unbeaten 232 runs against Ireland. Kerr is also the youngest player to score a double century, achieving the feat at the age of 17.

Highest Men's ODI individual scorers
The following table lists scores higher than 200.

Highest Women's ODI individual scorers
The following table lists scores higher than 160.