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Expeditus was, according to tradition, a member of the Roman Army that was martyred in Melitene, ancient Armenia (in present-day eastern Turkey) during the Diocletianic Persecution of AD 303. Although he is not "officially" recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church, he is widely venerated as such by Catholics in various countries, most notably in Argentina and Brazil. Expeditus also has an important following on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean—where he is linked to various Hindu gods—and has been incorporated as a lua (spirit) in Haitian Vodou and Louisiana Voodoo, being known in the latter as Saint Expedite.

History
Saint Expeditus makes his first historic appearance in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, a martyrology attributed to Jerome that was probably compiled in 6th-century Gaul. The text mentions him as part of a group of six Roman soldiers who were executed by emperor Diocletian at Melitene in ancient Armenia (present-day Malatya, eastern Turkey), and sets his feast day on April 19.

https://archive.org/details/sim_month_1906-11_108_509/page/548/mode/2up

According to Basil Watkins' The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary: "In the old Roman Martyrology, Elpidius became Expeditus and Gaius, Aristonicus, Rufus and Galata were added. These have been deleted. The cultus of St Expeditus as a patron against procrastination dates from C17th Germany."

However, in a 2018 paper published in the Journal of Religious History, Mathew Kuefler noted that the earliest evidence for devotion to Saint Expeditus comes from the second half of the 18th century. It consists of a "handful of images created in the Habsburg lands of the Holy Roman Empire [that] still survive", among them a drawing by Franz Xaver Jungwirth, an engraving by Jan Quirin Jahn and a painting in an Austrian church signed by Johann Ferstler, all of them dated to that period. According to the author, the fact that these were created by identified artists "hints at a lofty origin to the cult owing its beginnings even perhaps to the empress Maria Theresia (ruled 1740–1780), known for her own Catholic piety and her attempts to instill novel forms of it among her subjects."

https://www.cairn.info/revue-societes-2001-2-page-125.htm

Veneration
The cult of Expeditus also reached the southern United States, most notably New Orleans, where it was incorporated into the local Voodoo.

As noted by Kuefler: Recent scholarship has made us aware of the surprising historical malleability of the Catholic cult of saints. Over time some saints have been elevated in status and others discredited, some renamed and others given new biographies invented for them, some twinned and others lost in obscurity. Yet few forms of devotion have shown such inventiveness and flexibility as that of the cult of St Expeditus. His story reminds us of the extent to which the idea of sanctity is an organic object independent of institutional regulation, theological precision, or factual verification.

Argentina
https://andamios.uacm.edu.mx/index.php/andamios/article/view/536/883

The prayer to San Expedito used in Argentina says:

Brazil
"Popular but oficially unrecognized Catholic saints like Rosa Egipcíaca, Slave Anastácia, Saint Expedito, or others suggestive of multi-racial fusions, like Maria Lionza in Venezuela (Canals 2017), or, today, the Mayan rogue saint Maximón in Guatemala and Honduras, demonstrate the creative vitality of Afro- and indigenized catholicisms."