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The Cruel Hand
Michelle Alexander’s main argument for this section was that African Americans continued to be mistreated despite their “freedoms” that were granted. They were not yet socially accepted because they could not vote, they had less or no job opportunity, and they were still viewed as criminals. Job opportunities for African Americans were very hard to come by. There were so many prejudices when it came to hiring help and most shops would not hire any African Americans. Being viewed as a criminal is a huge issue because criminals are viewed as dirty, awful people. The worst type of people are criminals, and according to Michelle Alexander, criminals are the only people that are allowed to be hated by others. This chapter begins with a quote from Frederick Douglass, which explains that he feels as if African Americans are being misunderstood because white people do not know them for who they are. Instead, white people view African Americans in a very negative manner based on the color of their skin. Although, African Americans were no longer able to be slaves, there was still a mass issue of conviction and discrimination.

Brave New World
Michelle Alexander continues her argument explaining that she does not agree with stripping the civil duties from criminal defendants. Criminal defendants are being told that they are not able to preform citizen duties such as being on a jury or to vote in any upcoming elections because of the crime or crimes they have committed. Michelle Alexander is heavily against this because she believes that it is the underlying basis in any civil democracy. Criminals also are not informed in what they are about to endeavor. They will stumble upon shame, discontent, implementation, and discrimination. When people are labeled as a criminal it changes their whole outlook on life. It changes the way people view them along with the way they view themselves. Aside from all the negative consequences, courts have refused to find the punishments as actual punishments. Once put into the criminal system the individual is no longer apart of normal American culture. The individual looses all responsibility and becomes unable to drive, find housing, and acquiring a job. African Americans are viewed as criminals in society and the effect that this has on them is tremendous. African Americans still face this constitutional issue today along with ex-offenders. Each live their lives striving daily for acceptance and reassurance of their remaining life in this world.

Chapter Four Summary
This chapter states the facts commonly misunderstood about African Americans. Michelle Alexander explains the effect that criticizing and judgment has on a person, and how African Americans are perceived as criminals. She also goes into detail explaining the issues one would face after being released from prison. Throughout this chapter Michelle Alexander goes into deep detail explaining the effects and issues accompanied by being a criminal.

Employment Discrimination in the United States
Women are discriminated greatly in the military. They are looked down upon and are set up to fail by the men. This type of discrimination is most often ignored in the work place because it is considered common. Most men believe that they hold a stronger authority even beside the women who are in the same rank. Many women are not accepted in a military work place because of this reason. Women are not allowed to work the front line in war, but instead they are subjected to working the jobs behind the scenes like cooks and nurses.

Being subjected to these jobs does not give the women a sense of authority like the men have in the military. These jobs are very important and make up a huge part of the military, but they are the most demining according to some women in the military. They would not be demining or belittling if men were included in washing the dishes or helping out with the simple stuff like cleaning. The men in the military leave jobs like this to the women thinking that they cannot handle the jobs that the men do. This discrimination leads to negativity and a work place that is not equal in any way.