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 * 1) Whitelegg, John, and Gary Haq. "Vision Zero: Adopting a Target of Zero for Road Traffic Fatalities and Serious Injuries." SEI International (2006): n. pag. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.

John Whitelegg and Gary Haq provide a thorough analyzation and explanation of Vision Zero. They dissect this topic by providing objectives for their study, context and background, interviews with Swedish and European stake holders, feedback from focus groups, and the costs and benefits of Vision Zero. Whitelegg and Haq assert that Vision Zero will be most effective by dividing responsibility equally rather than placing the blame on one entity. Three operational strategies are expressed and allow the reader to deconstruct this idea and to appreciate that the objective of Vision Zero is to save human lives. They describe Vision Zero as a “visionary target”, which states the goal isn’t to end all fatalities immediately but, that with the help of the community this long-term goal can be reached in the short-term. Whitelegg and Haq’s research is very optimistic and the value on human life in inspiring to readers. The thorough analysis of Vision Zero provided by the authors will be beneficial to the Wikipedia article because it will add credibility to our introductory statement.

http://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Future/vision_zero_FinalReportMarch06.pdf 2.Tingvall, C., & Hartworth, N. (1999.). Vision Zero - An Ethical Approach to Safety and Mobility. Retrieved October 13, 2015.

Claes and Tingvall provide an informational article about Vision Zero that describes how we transform this idea from vision to strategy. Implications for speed management, improving vehicles to address driver issues and stimulating the community to use the system in a safer way are three strategies that are discussed in the article. Claes and Tingvall answer a series of popular questions with an honest, credible response and distributes responsibility between driver and the road management system. Tingvall is the Director of Traffic Safety and is aware that reducing the number of fatalities won’t occur quickly. The author provides personal experience through job responsibilities and research statistics that support his claim that through the improvement of cars and infrastructure, we can reach our goal. Vision Zero is a project that will take time so, it will fit perfectly into our paper which informs readers what they can do now to make Vision Zero come alive.

http://www.monash.edu.au/miri/research/reports/papers/visionzero.html

3.Walljasper, J. (2015). The safest streets: Vision Zero aims to eliminate all traffic fatalities. Planning, 82(5),14-21.

In this excerpt of an article based on research by the author, Walljasper provides an update of Vision Zero in the in the most populated city in the United States, New York City. By including quotes from The Economist, Andy Wiley-Schwartz an associate of Michael Bloomberg, and current mayor of San Francisco Tim Papandreou, we are able to see measure the effectiveness of Vision Zero in our own backyard. Walljasper, who is an experienced journalist, provides this article by sourcing different relevant mayors and using their cities as an example of the effectiveness of Vision Zero. The article is very relevant to the United States and the placement of non-biased views allows the reader to make an independent decision. Since Vision Zero was created in Europe, this article will aid in the Wikipedia project section discussing how this movement is relevant to the United States.

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=15&sid=f7b9a405-a70f-495f-a403-0ebb00d02c7e%40sessionmgr4005&hid=4203 4.Hawkins, K. Oregon and Portland Strike Up Vision Zero Plans. Bicycle Paper, 44(5), 1-7. In this article published in the Bicycle Paper based on the authors’ research, Hawkins’ provides evidence of the benefit on Vision Zero in Portland, Oregon and the strategies the Oregon Department of Transportation uses to “strike up” their plans. The death of an 80 year old pedestrian, which resulted in a mere citation to the driver supports her claims that the increase in attention to Vision Zero by Oregon is beneficial. She claims that road fatalities have become a norm in today’s society and that the lenient consequences for reckless driving are to blame for the high number of fatalities in Oregon. The Oregon Department of Transportation currently has a bill pending approval that plans to implement changes in the Oregon roadways. Hawkins use of citations and statistics proves that this article is well-researched, accurate and a universal issue. By highlighting the major traffic issues in Portland, this article will also add credibility to our section discussing the importance of Vision Zero in the United States.

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.txstate.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=17&sid=f7b9a405-a70f-495f-a403-0ebb00d02c7e%40sessionmgr4005&hid=4203

5.Johansson, R. (2009) – Implementing a Policy for traffic safety. Safety Science, 47(Occupational Accidents and Safety: The challenge of Globalization / Resolving Multiple Criteria in decision making involving risk of accidental loss), 826-831

Johansson outlines the safety philosophy regarding current road design, provides an argument for the importance for new road structures and pinpoints the origin of the safety philosophy. He also provides the history of the establishment of Vision Zero by the British Parliament in 1997. The idea of blaming the victim is questioned and the responsibility is shifted to government officials and policymakers. Fatalities have decreased dramatically due to Vision Zero but, there is still a lot of work to do. By providing clear facts and research, Johansson’s honesty allows the reader to learn that Vision Zero is a project that takes time. The approach taken by the author is clear, straight-forward and descriptive and will be able to fit into our Vision Zero introductory statement, the current issues with this project and how Americans can help it come alive.

http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.safestates.org/resource/resmgr/imported/Vision%20Zero%20Article%20-%20Safety%20Science.pdf

Article Outline •Introduction Revision

•Plans to Completely revise the introduction to include the past, present and future plans of Vision Zero. Also explaining the purpose of Vision Zero, why it is called "Vision Zero" and including how and where Vision Zero began. Vision Zero has now been implemented in dozens of United States cities and there will be an explanation of what parts of Vision Zero America has mimicked.

•Explaining what the article will cover: In the article revision there will be a list of points explaining what the article will encompass including the origination of Vision Zero, the effects on United States cities Vision Zero has had and explain its' success and why or why not it is successful. With the amount of traffic fatalities happening in many American cities, there will be a discussion of the importance of the implementation in United States cities.

•5 subsections of Vision Zero article: The current state of the Vision Zero article is great but with added research it will become better and provide more information. There will be additional information added to the principles section, elaborating on the current principles and explaining how these principles are important and which principles are unnecessary/necessary. •Speed Limits: Explaining how the speed limit changes are affecting the countries that utilize them rather than just statistics on one country, including current statistics on the speed limits and how lowering/increasing speed limits are effective in the Vision Zero implementation.

•Implementation: Detailed accounts of the implementation process and where Vision Zero is implemented including the cities of Seattle, San Francisco and Austin,Texas. More elaborate description on how the safety initiatives are beneficial.

•Outcomes: The questions "Is Vision Zero effective?" will be answered. Why or why not? What can we do as good citizens to see Vision Zero come to fruition. Including credible sources and arguing why the author is reputable. Provide statistics on how the implementation of Vision Zero has been effective.

Initial Contributions:

Introduction: Vision Zero is a Swedish-born policy with a vision to reduce traffic related fatalities to zero hence the name, Vision Zero. Thousands of Americans die every year due to traffic fatalities and the lack of road infrastructure so, Vision Zero was brought to America in hopes to achieve the same success that Europe has. Cities like New York, Portland and Austin have adopted some sort of Vision Zero policy and have seen much success. Through scholarly articles and journals we intend to dive into the idea of where Vision Zero came from, where the success of Vision Zero stands today and the affect its’ had in major cities and why it’s important in todays’ society.

Future of Vision Zero:Many cities across the world are either interested in, or are currently planning to institute Vision Zero. Some cities are looking at instituting Vision Zero not only for motorists, but also for bicyclists, in an effort to help make their streets safer for both. According to Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti in Executive Directive No. 10, Los Angeles is instituting Vision Zero, and has a plan to eliminate deaths on their transportation system by 2025. In his directive, Garcetti states that people walking or riding a bicycle make up 56 percent of people killed and severely injured in traffic collisions. He also explains that 6 percent of LA’s total street mileage accounts for 65 percent of all pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities and injuries. Los Angeles’ goal is to target all traffic crashes and fatalities, with an emphasis on pedestrian and bicycle fatalities (1-2). Other major American cities are also currently in the process of, or are planning to institute a Vision Zero process, including New York City, San Francisco, San Diego, and Austin. The idea and concept of Vision Zero is important in today’s society as it helps residents identify a significant problem with traffic safety on our roads. It is also important because, while implementing Vision Zero will not immediately reach the desired effect of no more fatalities on the transportation grid; cities that have been instituting Vision Zero have shown an immediate and continued reduction in traffic related fatalities. New York City implemented Vision Zero in January of 2014, and according to the New York Daily News, at the end of 2014, had the lowest number of pedestrian fatalities since 1910. A reduction in pedestrian deaths that large, should give hope to other cities not only across the United States, but across the world, that Vision Zero can be successful. Donohue, P. (December 30, 2014). “Pedestrian Traffic Deaths Hit Record Low in New York City”,

New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/exclusive-pedestrian-traffic-deaths-hit-record-nyc-article-1.2060325.

Garcetti, E. (August 24, 2015). “Vision Zero”, City of Los Angeles Executive Directive No. 10.