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Genetics
DNA tests of Y chromosomes from representative sample of Ukrainians were analyzed for composition and frequencies of haplogroups. The Ukrainian gene pool includes the following y-haplogroups, in order from the most prevalent: R1a (43%), I (27%; mostly I2a), R1b (8%), E1b1b (7%), N3 (5%), J2 (4%), G (3%), T (1%). Note the high percentage of Ukrainians carrying R1a; such high frequencies of R1a have also been found only in Belarus, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, and on the Indian subcontinent. In comparison to their neighbors, Ukrainians have a similar percentage of Haplogroup R1a (43%) in their population as do Poles, Russians and Belarusians (55%, 46%, and 49%, respectively). Unlike Poles and Russians, Ukrainians have a high percentage of I2a2, typical of the Danube region, but a smaller percentage than Russians of the N1c1 lineage found among Finnic, Baltics and Siberian populations and also less Haplogroup R1b than Poles. In terms of haplogroup distribution, the genetic pattern of Ukrainians most closely resembles that of Belarusians.

Haplogroup R1a marks the migration patterns of some of the early Indo-Europeans (who carried both R1a and R1b), as well as the subsequent Scytho-Sarmatians, and is associated with the distribution of the Kurgan archaeological culture. The second major haplogroup is haplogroup I2a, found in the Balkan and Danube regions. Haplogroup J2 and haplogroup E mark the migration patterns of the Middle-Eastern agriculturists during the neolithic age. The presence of the N3 lineage is explained by a contribution of the assimilated Finno-Ugric tribes. A study in 2007 (by Rebala et al.) examined several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland and concluded that based on Y chromosome data the origins of the Slavs are likely in the middle Dnieper basin of Ukraine, which is consistent with the most likely location of the Proto-Slavic lingual Urheimat.

TRUNCATED NON-DISPUTED VERSION

Genetics
DNA tests of Y chromosomes from representative sample of Ukrainians were analyzed for composition and frequencies of haplogroups. The Ukrainian gene pool includes the following y-haplogroups, in order from the most prevalent: R1a (43%), I (27%; mostly I2a), R1b (8%), E1b1b (7%), N3 (5%), J2 (4%), G (3%), T (1%). Note the high percentage of Ukrainians carrying R1a; such high frequencies of R1a have also been found only in Belarus, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, and on the Indian subcontinent. In comparison to their neighbors, Ukrainians have a similar percentage of Haplogroup R1a (43%) in their population as do Poles, Russians and Belarusians (55%, 46%, and 49%, respectively). Unlike Poles and Russians, Ukrainians have a high percentage of I2a, which is typical of the Balkan and Danube regions, but a smaller percentage than Russians of the N1c1 lineage found among Finnic, Baltic, and Siberian populations, and also less R1b than Poles. In terms of haplogroup distribution, the genetic pattern of Ukrainians most closely resembles that of Belarusians. The presence of the N3 lineage is explained by a contribution of the assimilated Finno-Ugric tribes.

OLD VERSION

Genetics
DNA tests of Y chromosomes from representative sample of Ukrainians were analyzed for composition and frequencies of haplogroups. The Ukrainian gene pool includes six haplogroups: R1a, F, E, J, N3, and P. The percentage of Ukrainians carrying the R1a genes was quite high at 41.5–54.0%. Such high frequencies of R1a have also been found only in Belarus, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, and on the Indian subcontinent. Haplogroup R1a is thought to mark the migration patterns of the early Indo-Europeans and is associated with the distribution of the Kurgan archaeological culture. The second major haplogroup is haplogroup F, found in the Balkan and Danube regions. Haplogroup P found represents the genetic contribution of the population originating from the ancient autochthonous population of Europe. Haplogroup J and Haplogroup E mark the migration patterns of the Middle-Eastern agriculturists during the Neolithic. The presence of the N3 lineage is likely explained by a contribution of the assimilated Finno-Ugric tribes.

A recent study (Rebala et al. 2007) examined several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland and concluded that based on Y chromosome data the origins of the Slavs are likely in the middle Dnieper basin of Ukraine, which is consistent with the most likely location of the Proto-Slavic lingual Urheimat.

In comparison to their neighbors, Ukrainians have a similar percentage of Haplogroup R1a (43%) in their population as do Poles, Russians and Belarusians (55%, 46%, and 49%, respectively). Unlike Poles and Russians, Ukrainians have a high percentage of I2a2, typical of the Danube region, but a smaller percentage than Russians of the N1c1 lineage found among Finnic, Baltics and Siberian populations and also less Haplogroup R1b than Poles. In terms of haplogroup distribution, the genetic pattern of Ukrainians most closely resembles that of Belarusians.