User:Bmdbt/Janet Gourlay

First draft: Bolded text indicates added information for the article

Janet A. Gourlay (1863–1912) was a Scottish Egyptologist,   that is most well known for her excavation of and publication on the Mut Complex in Egypt. Janet was born on January 30, 1863 in Dundee, Scotland to Henry G. Gourlay and Agnes Christine Burell. Later in life, she briefly studied at University College, London in 1893, with William Matthew Flinders Petrie, the pioneering archaeologist, and Margaret Murray.

Personal Life
Janet would meet her lifelong partner Margaret Benson in 1896. The pair were introduced by Lady Jane Lindsay. In conjunction with their relationship, they formed a scientific partnership that benefitted the pair and allowed them to continue their work in Egypt. This partnership ensured their ability to complete their work without a man and receive the funding they needed complete said work. The two would become fast friends and worked together over the span of two digging seasons. Upon completion of their excavations, Margaret’s health began deteriorating, so the two women returned to their respective homes. They kept in close contact via letters. In these, they expressed their devotion, emotions, and happenings to one another. Margaret’s health never made a recovery so plans made by the pair to return to Egypt for more excavations were never continued.

On March 3, 1912, Janet died in Kempshot Park, Basingstoke. She never married in her lifetime.

Professional Endeavors
Janet and Margaret were the first women to undertake an excavation of this nature and is acknowledged in their preface, which reads “we have to thank M. de Morgan’s liberality for the first permission to excavate given to women in Egypt”.

She joined Margaret Benson in 1896 in the second season of excavation at the Mut Complex in Karnak, Thebes, in Egypt. The pair stayed at the Luxor Hotel for the duration of these digging seasons. Janet and Margaret are credited with the excavation of the Temple of Mut in Asher, which they would later publish an account of in 1899. It was published as an incomplete work, so that the information could be available to others and it would not be forgotten as if previously had been. Janet and Margaret’s excavation of the Mut Complex would go on to span two digging seasons. The two women restored and uncovered various pieces of sculptures, heads, figures, and architecture. Notable statuary includes the head of Amun (or Amun-re), the head of Ramesses III, a statue of Ramsese II, the figure of priest Sur, Senenmut, and Bak-en-Khonsu, and various other figures. One of the most well known figures recovered by Janet and Margaret was the head of a figure, commonly referred to as The Benson Head. After identifying the items, the pair made an effort to account for religious representations associated with the pieces.

Janet later worked with Percy E. Newberry in 1900 and 1901. The two would publish a journal describing the excavation of Mentu-Em-Hat.

Going to add: Connection about working with Newberry and their work together at the Mut Complex (but where?)

Potential adds: adding a connection to Lina Eckenstein (a peer at UCL)

Potential Sources for Janet Gourlay Article

Regarding Gourlay’s relationship with Benson: https://www.ladyscience.com/constant-companions-and-intimate-friends/no57

In relation to the digging sites of Gourlay (with Benson): Pinkowski, J. (2006). Egypt’s Ageless Goddess. Archaeology, 59(5), 44–49. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41780150

As proof of school attended: Back Matter. (2002). The Annual of the British School at Athens, 97. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30073199


 * Is this a primary source?

Short reference to the Benson Head, artifact excavated by Gourlay and Benson: Peck, W. H. (2004). [Review of Eternal Egypt: Masterworks of Ancient Art from the British Museum, by E. R. Russmann]. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 63(2), 140–141. https://doi.org/10.1086/422287