User:Bob K31416/MR

http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~_IccdQH6EFa9_

Prevalence and Determinants of Valvulopathy in Patients Treated With Dexfenfluramine – effect of diastolic BP on MR

Testing the Test: The Reliability of Echocardiography: Methods – abstract at AHJ – abstract at PubMed

Increased prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with migraine. see refs re platelet survival

http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/6/1353

google mitral coaptation

Indeed, as a consequence of AT1 blockade, ARBs increase Angiotensin II levels several-fold above baseline by uncoupling a negative-feedback loop. Increased levels of circulating Angiotensin II result in unopposed stimulation of the AT2 receptors, which are, in addition upregulated. Unfortunately, recent data suggest that AT2 receptor stimulation may be less beneficial than previously proposed and may even be harmful under certain circumstances through mediation of growth promotion, fibrosis, and hypertrophy, as well as proatherogenic and proinflammatory effects.

2008 Guidelines ACC/AHA ... Short ... Full HTML ... Full PDF

Vena contracta is defined as the narrowest part of the jet, just distal to the regurgitant orifice. ... Vena contracta width measurement: theoretic basis and usefulness in the assessment of valvular regurgitation severity Quéré2003

Definitive treatment of chronic MR is also mitral valve repair or replacement, but patients with asymptomatic or mild chronic MR and no pulmonary hypertension or AF may do well with periodic monitoring. ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are used to decrease left ventricular preload and afterload. They are used in patients with moderate mitral insufficiency to delay dilation of the LV. Merck-Tanser2007

AHA-IE Infective Endocarditis - Endocarditis is much more likely to result from frequent exposure to random bacteremias associated with daily activities than from bacteremia caused by a dental, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or genitourinary (GU) tract procedure. Prophylaxis may prevent an exceedingly small number of cases of endocarditis, if any, in individuals who undergo a dental, GI tract, or GU tract procedure. ... Therefore, the current practice of giving patients antibiotics prior to a dental procedure is no longer recommended EXCEPT for patients with the highest risk of adverse outcome resulting from endocarditis.

http://www.columbiasurgery.org/pat/cardiac/bowtie.html

Fucci1995 (free) Improved results with mitral valve repair using new surgical techniques

http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/cs/cli/cardiac/evalve.html Evalve: An Endovascular Approach To Mitral Valve Repair (Columbia)

http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/cs/cli/cardiac/bowtie.html Edge-To-Edge Mitral Valve Repair: The "Bow-Tie Procedure" (Columbia)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15223406 Edge-to-edge mitral valve repair: the Columbia Presbyterian experience

http://www.mayoclinic.org/mitral-valve-disease/surgery.html Mitral Valve Disease - Surgery (Mayo Clinic)

Bitigen2007 Left atrial appendage functions in patients with severe rheumatic mitral regurgitation

Bonow2008 (free) 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons.

Braunwald1963 The Syndrome of Severe Mitral Regurgitation with Normal Left Atrial Pressure

eMedMR-Hanson2009Oct Mitral Regurgitation

eMedMR-DiSandro2009Jun Mitral Regurgitation

Fucci1995 (free) Improved results with mitral valve repair using new surgical techniques

Hwang1994 (free) Significant Mitral Regurgitation Is Protective Against Left Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast Formation, but not Against Systemic Embolism

Kelbaek2003 Pre- and afterload reduction in chronic mitral regurgitation: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of the acute and 2 weeks' effect of nifedipine or isosorbide dinitrate treatment on left ventricular function and the severity of mitral regurgitation

López-Candales2004 Large Atrial Appendage Thrombus in the Presence of Severe Mitral Regurgitation: Contradictory Hemodynamics or Expected Findings

MedicineNetMVP-Kulick Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

Merck-Tanser2007 Mitral Regurgitation

Messika-Zeitoun2007 (free) Left atrial remodelling in mitral regurgitation—methodologic approach, physiological determinants, and outcome implications: a prospective quantitative Doppler-echocardiographic and electron beam-computed tomographic study

Nakagami1998 Mitral regurgitation reduces the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation

Otsuji2002 (free) Isolated annular dilation does not usually cause important functional mitral regurgitation- Comparison between patients with lone atrial fibrillation and those with idiopathic or ischemic cardiomyopathy

Pai2003 Effect of atrial fibrillation on the dynamics of mitral annular area

Pizarro2009 Prospective Validation of the Prognostic Usefulness of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Asymptomatic Patients With Chronic Severe Mitral Regurgitation (note asymptomatic severe MR)

Timek2002 (free) Atrial contraction and mitral annular dynamics during acute left atrial and ventricular ischemia in sheep contains references in intro for adverse effect of abnormal LA on MV

Vahanian2007 (free) Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: The Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology

Wilson2007 (free) Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group