User:Bolkhov/Toyota Large FF platform

Toyota Large FF platform is an automobile platform for executive cars (E-class cars) from Toyota. It is often called "Camry platform" after its main application.

Features

 * It is a front wheel drive platform, with optional four wheel drive.
 * 4WD variants use either
 * V-Flex II system, which is a viscous-coupling torque-on-demand -- on most models, or
 * symmetric fulltime four-wheel drive -- on Lexus RX/Harrier and Highlander/Kluger, or
 * e-FOUR system (rear wheels are driven by electric motors) on hybrid models.
 * Engines are mounted transversely.
 * MacPherson struts are used in suspension at all four corners.

Applications

 * Camry lineup since 1992:
 * Camry itself
 * Camry Solara coupe
 * JDM Scepter, Camry Gracia and Mark II Qualis
 * Avalon (uses stretched wheelbase)
 * Aurion
 * Lexus ES/Windom
 * Lexus RX/Harrier and Highlander/Kluger SUVs
 * Sienna
 * Estima/Previa/Tarago (2000-, since 2nd generation; 1st generation used its own unique mid-engine RWD platform); rear suspension is torsion beam axle
 * Mark X Zio
 * FT-SX concept and upcoming Toyota Venza

History
The Large FF platform was born in 1991 (that time known as CV/XV platform, after its chassis code), as a stretched version of JDM Camry/Vista V30 "V" platform.

In 1996 the 2nd generation received an option for four wheel drive.