User:Bookku/sandbox12

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 * I am sure many Wikipedia deletion commandments are  very popular with most Wikipedians and I think it is very important  for me to say that, there were many intellectuals who have expressed very finely on many aspects of information and knowledge on various platforms, what some of proscriptive Wikipedia commandments have  done is great disservice to information and knowledge that those turn entire landscape into a  flat land  where every  platform of expression and every expressing fellow unapproved by Wikipedian majority is having some kind of a serious loophole and needs to be abandoned, that I think is most vulnerable part of many proscriptive Wikipedia commandments since it keeps vast otherwise valid information and knowledge out side of Wikipedia perview..., Youtube, blogs,  self published sources to primary source are automatically considered unreliable,
 * therefore I would like to mention this very strongly, this reliable unreliable debate is based on logical fallacies, people who are not topic background or experts do not should not write on topics other than their own topics, people who used other platforms because they will never have correct information and knowledge, people who are not Dalits should not write on Dalit history, because they will never understand; I am afraid all these is things need to be totally redundant in our world of professional encyclopedic writing which has lot of drawbacks and weakness which we can try to fine tune in other ways, except for this  kind of artificial divide between us better equipped Muslims and they ill equipped non Muslims to understand religion and politics,... so there fore ...Some of them writing also to control India What I am  saying that element of restraining socio / religio/ politically  unsuitable  information and knowledge from behind garb of Wikipedia rules is  very much there behind.

According to David J collins SJ, Islamic societies shared legacy of magic with  Byzantine, medieval Jewish societies shared and Latin Christiandom associations with antiquity.

Dictionary of Superstitions
Dictionary of Superstitions from Thomas Hughes' A Dictionary of Islam


 * The Science of the Breath in Persianate India


 * Magic, Marvel, and Miracle in Early Islamic Thought pp. 235-267
 * Magic, Marvel, and Miracle in Early Islamic Thought pp. 235-267
 * Magic, Marvel, and Miracle in Early Islamic Thought pp. 235-267

Steps


 * Seeking help in reconfirming following texts with  A Dictionary of Islam Google book edition for better accuracy.
 * Improving article Superstitions in Muslim societies with the help of these references.

According to Thomas Hughes says the Prophet Muhammad sincerely believed in pre-Islamic superstitions of supernatural beings like Jinn, Ghoul, Shaitan, Iblis etc and same superstitions shared by later Muslims too. Some of these supernatural beings beloved to be good or bad, they can be Muslims or non Muslims, their principal places of resort, or of occasional abode are supposed to be baths,latrines, wells,, ovens, ruined houses, market places, the junctures of roads, the sea, and rivers. The Arabs, therefore, when they pour water &c on the ground, or enter a bath, or let down a bucket into a well, or visit the latrines, and on various other occasions, say "Permission!" or "Permission, ye blessed!" (Izn, or Izn ya Mubarrakun  What the Prophet said of Iblis in the following tradition applies also to the evil Jinn over whom he presides: His chief abode [among men] is the bath; his chief places of resort are the markets and junctures of roads; his food is whatever is killed without the name of God being pronounced over it; his drink, whatever is intoxicating; his Mu'azzin, the mizmar (musical pipe) ie any musical instrument); his Qur'an, poetry; his written character, the marks made in geomancy; his speech, falsehood; his snares are women The injuries related to have been inflicted upon human beings by evil genii are of various kinds. Genii are said to have often carried off beautiful women, whom they have forcibly kept as their wives or concubines. Malicious or disturbed genii are asserted often to station themselves on the roofs or at the windows of house, and to throw down bricks and stones on persons passing by. When they take possession of an uninhabited house, they seldom fail to persecute terribly any person who goes to reside in it. They are also very apt to pilfer provisions &c. Many learned and devote persons, to secure their property from such depredations, repeat the words "In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful!" On locking the doors of their houses, rooms, and on covering the bread-basket, or anything containing food. During the month of Ramazan, the evil genii are believed to be confined in prison; and, therefore, on the last night of that month, with the same view, women sometimes repeat the words above mentioned, and sprinkle salt upon the floors of the apartments of their houses. Hughes says a special chapter is devoted to the Prophet's sayings with regard to the strong wind, as it appears that he had a superstition of it.The Zaubarah, which is a whirlwind that raises the sand or dust in the form of a pillar of prodigious height, often seen sweeping across the deserts and fields, is believed to be caused by the flight of an evil genii. To defend themselves from a Jinn thus "riding in the whirlwind," the Arabs often exclaim "Iron! Iron!" (Hadid! Hadid!), or "Iron! Thou unlucky!" (Hadid! Ya Mashum!) as the Jinn are supposed to have a great dread of that metal; or they exclaim, "God is most great!" (Allahu akbar!). A similar superstition prevails with respect to the waterspout at sea.
 * superstitions of supernatural beings

According to Thomas Hughes, The Prophet Muhammad having said that whoever calls upon God by this exalted name Ismul Azam, shall obtain all his desires, the various sects of faqirs and mystics spend much time in endevouring to ascertain what the name really is (Dawah), and the person who is able to assert that he has obtained this secret knowledge possesses great influence over the minds of superstitious people. And so Superstitious reverence for unclear exalted name leading to superstitious practices
 * Ismul Azam


 * Hajj rituals

According to Thomas Hughes, while Islam in an attempt to remove traces of old superstition from their holy places denounces pre-Islamic idolatry and superstitions, still practically couldn't remove all of them even in their holiest pilgrimage place and reverence around black stone at Kabah, and Hajj rituals of running and throwing stones etc. virtually became alternate way of continuation of pre-Islamic superstitious practices. Mr. Stanley Lane Poole attempts to reason how the prophet, the destroyer of idols could have reconciled his conscience to the circuits of the Ka'bah and the veneration of the black stone covered with adoring kisses. The rites of the pilgrimage cannot certainly be defended against the charge of superstition at the Hajj grafted on to a religion which professes to be both monotheistic in its principle, and iconoclastic in its practices. Hughes further says that the Wahhabis, the Puritans of Islam, regard the circumambulation of the Prophet's tomb as superstition (as shirk, or associating something with God, in fact), but how could they justify the ceremonies of the hajj? If reverence for the Prophet's tomb is shirk, what are runnings at as-Safa and al-Marwah, the stoning of the pillars, and the kissing of the black stone? No Muslim has ever yet attempted to give a spiritual explanation of the ceremonies of the Makkan pilgrimage, for in attempting to do so he would be charged with the heresy of shirk!..


 * Salat al-Istikharah

According to Thomas Hughes Some persons perform custom of Salat al-Istikharah for superstitious purposes they take recourse to the Qur'an for an answer to their doubts. This they call making an "istikharah", or application for the favor of Heaven, or for direction in the right course. Repeating three times the opening chapter, the 112th chapter, and the fifty-eighth verse of the sixth chapter, they let the book fall open, or open it at random, and, from the seventh line of the right-hand page, draw their answer. "The words often will not convey a direct answer, but are taken as affirmative or negative according as their general tenour is good or bad, promising a blessing, or denouncing a threat, &c. Instead of reading


 * Study of anatomy

According to Thomas Hughes the superstitious feeling of the Muslim as to the polluted touch of the dead, debarred the orthodox from attempting the study of anatomy. The doctrine that even at death the soul does not depart from the body, and the popular belief that both soul and body must appear entire to undergo the examination by Munkar and Nakir in the grave, were sufficient reasons why the dissection of the dead body should not be attempted.


 * magic

According to Thomas Hughes Although magic is condemned in Quran and the traditions, there are still many superstitious practices resembling occult sciences which are clearly permitted according to the sayings of ''Muhammad hence beliefs in the magical art are entertained by almost all Muhammadans, and there is a large number of persons who study it. Anas says, "The Prophet permitted a spell, (ruqyah) being used to counteract the ill effects of the evil eye; and on those bitten by snakes or scorpions." (Sahihu Muslim p. 238.) Umm Salmah relates "that the Prophet allowed a spell to be used for the removal of yellowness in the eye, which, be said, proceeded from the malignant eye." (Sahihu 'l-Bukhari, p. 854.) 'Auf ibn Malik says "the Prophet said there is nothing wrong in using spells, provided the use of them does not associate anything with God." (Mishkat, book xxi. ch. i.) The terms used to express the magical arts are da'wah, lit. "an invitation of the spirits," exorcism; 'azimah, an incantation; kihanah, divination, or fortune-telling: ruqyah, a spell; and sihr, magic. The term da'wah is held to imply a lawful incantation, in which only the assistance of God is invited by the use of either the Ismir 'l-A'zam, or great and unknown name of God. ''

According to Thomas Hughes irrespective of beauty of its devotional language, private or public performance, various facets of  form of prayer, or rak'ahs, tantamount to superstitious practices for example custom of "When any one  says his prayers, he must have something in front of him", "People must not lift up their eyes while saving their prayers, or they will become blind.", "When one stands up to pray, spit not ... spit on your right side, because an angel is there.

Superstitions credulity


 * ...."Such is the result which the lapse of time would naturally have upon the minds and the narratives of the As-hab or 'COMPANIONS' of Mahomet, more especially of those who were young when be died. And then next generations sprang up who had never seen the Prophet, who looked up to his contemporaries with a superstitious reverence, and who listened to their stories of his as to the tidings of a messenger from the other world....As the tale of the Companions was thus taken up by their followers, distance began to invest it with an increasing charm, while the products of living faith and warm imagination were being debased by superstitious credulity.' This, second generation are termed in the language of the patriotic lore of Arabia, Tabiun, or  SUCCESSORS'.  Here and there a Companion survived till near the end of the first century; but, for all practical purposes, they had. passed off the, stage before  the commencement of its last quarter. Their first Successors who were in some measure also their contemporaries, flourished in the latter half of the same century, .... New and unforeseen circumstances were continually arising, for which the Coran contained, no provision. It no longer sufficed for its original object.  How then were its deficiencies to be supplied?" The difficulty  was resolved by adopting the CUSTOM or SUNNAT of Mahomet, that is, his sayings and his practice, as. a supplement to the Coran. The recitals regarding the life of the Prophet now acquired an unlooked for value. He had never held himself to be infallible, except when directly inspired of God; but this new doctrine assumed that a heavenly and unerring guidance' pervaded every word and action of his prophetic life. Tradition was thus invested with the force of law, and with some of the authority of inspiration. It was  in great measure owing to the rise of this theory, that, during the first century of Islam, the cumbrous recitals of tradition so far outstripped the dimensions of reality. The prerogative now claimed for Tradition stimulated the growth of fabricated evidence, and led to the preservation of every kind of story, spurious or real, touching the Prophet. 

Shia superstitions


 * According to Thomas Hughes organization of Shia belief system  and it's tendencies to deductive reasoning, creates a wide scope  for divergence of opinions among the Shiites, and that while the more highly educated of their mullahs occasionally preach absolute pantheism, others consult the alternate  inclinations  and indulge their audience and followers with the most extravagant tales of miracle and superstition. These Shia superstitions are a constant source of mockery by more conservative Sunni sect, Which considers Shia superstitions as Shirku 'l-'adah, that is, the keeping up of superstitious customs, such as the Istikharah, seeking guidanee from beads, &c., trusting to omens, good or bad, believing in lucky and unlucky days, adopting such names as 'Abdu 'n-Nabi (slave of the Prophet), and so on. In fact, the denouncing of such practices and calling them Shirk brings Wahhabism into daily contact with the other sects, for scarcely any people in the world are such profound believers in the virtue of charms and the power of astrologers as Muslmans. The difference between the first and fourth Shirk, the Shirk 'l-'ilm and the Shirku'l-adah, seems to be that the first is the belief say in the knowledge of a sooth-sayer, and the second the habit of consulting him.  To swear by the name of the Prophet, of 'Ali, of the Imams, or of Pirs (Leaders) is to give them the honour due to God alone. It is Ishrak fi l-adab, "Shirk in association as per more conservative Wahabi thought.


 * Zikra- Chishtiyah order

"...For example of the superstitious character of Sufi devotional exercise, the Chishtiyah order believes that if a man sits cross-legged and seizes the vein called kuimas, which is under the leg, with his toes, that it will give peace to his heart, when accompanied by a zikr of the "nafi wa isbat," which is a term used for the Kalimah, namely:- La ilaha illa 'llahu, "There is no deity but God...."

113 114
According to Samuel Zwemer and Dr. Jim Romaine while early Maccan Surah Al Falaq attempt to provide remedy to superstition and fear, first do indicate Prophet Muhammad himself believed and feared sorcery magic and shaitan hence sought superstitious refuge but more over far from being able to remove or remedy fear of evil spirits they do just opposite and increase superstitious fear  among Muslims.

Hadith based superstitions
According to Oliver Leaman raising epistemic and  ideological issues does not end  the need to study non-Quranic sources that formed  the  dominant  portrait  of Muhammad since the ninth century. While questioning undiplomatic and superstitious elements in the hadith Leaman asks, what did Muhammad believe of Jinns? do angels really have wings ? Did Muhammad say that Allah turned Jews into pigs and apes?

According to Ergun and Emir Caner  Prophet in Hadiths recommends  camel urine as medicine, says fever is heat of hell, one wing of housefly has disease and the other wing has cure so dip and drink, evil eye issues are factual, One should put on right shoe first while taking off take off left one first, child's appearance is determined on whether man orgasams first or the women Quote: "....Why does a child attract the similarity to his father or to his mother?..." Ibn Salam said,The Prophet replied, "Gabriel has just now informed me of that....As for the child, if the man's discharge proceeds the woman's discharge, the child attracts the similarity to the man, and if the woman's discharge proceeds the man's, then the child attracts the similarity to the woman..."

Prayer related

 * Call to prayer


 * * When Satan Hears Azan he temporarily runs away : : Sahih Muslim, Vol 4 No 1161, Malik Muwatta, Book 3 No 6, Sahih Bukhari Vol 1 Book 11 No 582
 * * When Satan Hears Azan he Starts Farting :: Sahih Muslim, Vol 4 No 1161, Malik Muwatta, Book 3 No 6, Sahih Bukhari Vol 1 Book 11 No 582


 * muster roll at  the  mosque by angles:

** Islamic  angels’  keep chronological muster roll at  the  mosque by angles:   of   those   whom  attended  Friday  prayers  at  the  mosque,  and    those    who  didn’t.443 Sahih  Bukari 4:54:433


 * Ablutions
 * Body Of The Muslims Washed In Ablution Will Shine On The Day Of Resurrection
 * If a man performs ablution perfectly and then offers the compulsory congregational prayer, Allah will forgive his sins committed between that (prayer) and the (next) prayer till he offers it.


 * During Prayer
 * * Sneezing, drowsing, yawning in prayer, also menstruation, vomiting and nose-bleeding, are from (the acts of) Satan. Tirmidhi   Hadith                        ,   number  315
 * * never   to  look up   towards     the  sky  whilst  praying,  lest  they    “lose      their      eyesight.” 447   Sahih       Muslim    4:862
 * Praying during Solar eclipse
 * Ibn ' Umar  reported         Allah's  Messenger  (may peace be upon  him)  as  saying:  “Do  not  intend  to  observe prayer  at  the  time  of  the  rising  of  the  sun  nor  at  its setting,  for  it  rises  between  the  horns  of  Satan.” Sahih       Muslim    4:1807

Voices from graves
Prophet ...heard the voices of two persons who were being tortured in their graves...one of them tortured for not saving himself himself being soiled with his urine...The Prophet then asked for a green leaf of a date-palm tree, broke it into two pieces and put one on each grave. On being asked why he had done so, he replied, "I hope that their torture might be lessened, till these get dried." Sahih  Bukhari  1:4:215

Seeking barakah
According to Oliver Leaman for superstitious among Muslims only reading pronouncing words of sacred texts in itself bring in  barakah blessings

Snakes
Silas says in Quranic prophet soloman talks with ants, but in some Hadiths some snakes can become Muslim. According to Silas there are some Hadiths which guide Muslims for superstitious ways handling and killing of snakes on arbitrary grounds, like any snakes found places other than at house to be killed, but snakes found in homes can not be killed unless those are prove themselves to be devil if they do not leave in three days after warning three times,  if they leave on asking three times / three days then those are good Muslim snakes not to be killed. Silas questions irrationality about beliefs in Jinn turning in to snakes, attributed to the prophet Muhammad in Hadiths, if true, amounts to Muhammad's lack of knowledge and superstition; Silas asks how any one can have trust is narratives that expect to have any real dialogue with any snake. On citing snake in the home rather than calling rather than calling animal society representative or Fire brigade attempting to establish impossible dialogue with snake for three days, snakes being naturally too poor in hearing capacity, more over to think that snake understand Arabic language dialogues, can be a good comedy show but not a good real life idea since it can prove to be fatal to children and family members. Silas says killing large number of snakes can not be a right solution. According to another Hadith such wealth on which Islamic tax is not paid gets transformed itself into bald headed male snake with two black spots on eyes on day of resurrection and encircle neck of the owner of wealth and bite on owner's cheeks and will say, "I am your wealth, I am your treasure"