User:Bpohsib/sandbox

The European Union has set out legislation to deal with non-hazardous and hazardous waste. This includes legislation to cover everything from waste classification and disposal to how the waste should be labelled and packaged. In addition to the legislation mentioned below, specific countries within the EU also often have additional pieces of legislation, slight variations or amendments to the EU legislation.

EU Legislation
The CLP Regulation

The Classification, Labeling and Packaging Regulation (CLP Regulation) incorporates the classification criteria and labeling rules of over 4000 substances and aims to replace previous all relevant legislation by 2015. The CLP Regulation adopts the globally harmonised system on the classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS) throughout the EU. Currently the CLP has replaced the current system included in the Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC) and by 2015 will have replaced the Dangerous Preparations Directive (1999/45/EC). which covers mixtures. It also takes over provisions of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation (EC No 1907/2006).

revised Waste Framework Directive

The rWFD is the primary legislative framework for the collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste across Europe. It uses a waste hierarchy to define a priority order for waste prevention, legislation and policy. Hazardous waste is defined by the rWFD as a waste which displays one or more of the fifteen hazard properties listed in Annex III of the rWFD.
 * H1 Explosive
 * H2 Oxidising
 * H3 Flammable
 * H4 Irritant
 * H5 Harmful
 * H6 Toxic
 * H7 Carcinogenic
 * H8 Corrosive
 * H9 Infectious
 * H10 Toxic for Reproduction
 * H11 Mutagenic
 * H12 Waste which releases toxic or very toxic gases in contact with water, air or acid
 * H13 Sensitizing
 * H14 Ecotoxic
 * H15 Waste capable by any means, after disposal, of yielding another substance, e..g. a leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics above.

Dangerous substances are substances that possess one or more of the 68 Risk Phrases described in the Dangerous Substances Directive 67/548/EEC. For example:
 * R7 – may cause fire
 * R23 – toxic by inhalation
 * R38 – irritating to the skin
 * R45 – may cause cancer
 * R52 – harmful to aquatic organisms

The European Waste Catalogue

The rWFD also refers to the list of wastes known as the European Waste Catalogue (EWC). The EWC contains 846, six digit waste codes arranged in 20 chapters, where each chapter is based on a generic industry or process that generated the waste or upon the type of waste. The EWC differentiates between hazardous and non-hazardous by identifying hazardous waste entries with an asterisk. Examples of a hazardous entry and its equivalent non-hazardous entry from "Chapter 17 Construction and Demolition Wastes (including excavated soil from contaminated sites)" are: with the * indicating the hazardous entry.
 * 17 05 03* soil and stones containing dangerous substances
 * 17 05 04 soil and stones containing dangerous substances

Differences in Legislation
Austria


 * Uses material based national waste list but the wording of the LoW is used in some cases where it is required by community law
 * Has established limit values for sulphide (10,000mg/kg) and cyanide (1000mg/kg)
 * Classification of H15 considers not only leachate but also the total content of specific contaminants*
 * Has established limit values for PAO, PCB, PCDD/PCDF, POX, hydrocarbons, BTEX and phenols
 * H14 applies to wastes with a total yield of FCKWs, HFKWs, FKWs and Halones over 2000mg/kg DM and environmental hazardous substances due to class 9, M6 and M7 ADR

Belgium


 * Guideline by OVAM [BE 2004] explains the hazardousness of waste by the obvious characteristics of the waste. Each definition is linked to waste codes and concrete limit values

Denmark


 * Classifies H15 solely on basis of risk phrases, without testing and limit values

Estonia
 * Added 27 new waste codes and modified 5 existing entries with several changes specifically relating to waste from use of oil shale for energy production.
 * Uses national sub-lists for metal waste and for waste electrical and electronic equipment
 * Oil shale semi coke is classified as hazardous on account of H14. This also has a specific waste type and waste code; 05 06 97*, which has been introduced into the Estonian waste list

Finland
 * Introduced 2 new codes and modified a few existing entries. Also limit values for the H-criteria H4, H5 and H6 were changed or specified.
 * All waste medicines from consumers and health care sector are classified as hazardous
 * H4: the limit value for irritant substances classified as R41 was lowered to 5%
 * H5 and H6 were specified by setting a separate limit value for substances which can cause long term health effects
 * A general provision for H4 to H8, H10 and H11 was introduced that the limit values in the EC list of dangerous substances will be used when they are lower than the values set in the Finnish Waste Decree

France
 * H15 criterion not applied, only relevant in combination with H14

Germany
 * 8-digit codes are used for statistical purposes such as for further specification of mixed municipal waste and of components from dismantling and maintenance of ELV
 * German guideline renders a waste hazardous, if a minimum of 1l/kg h of toxic or very toxic gases are released (similar to UK and Spain)
 * Classification of H15 based on leachability of contaminants determined by means eluate testing and define limit values
 * Has established a limit value for the total content of hydrocarbons in [DE 2005]

Ireland
 * Has a specified management plan for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)including a code of practice for the identification, management and disposal of PCBs and PCB containing substances

Italy
 * H14 and H15 criterion not applied to wastes

Poland
 * Has added about 80 additional waste codes and 3 additional sections to the 839 codes defined in Decision2000/532/EC.

Netherlands
 * H15 criterion not applied as according to Dutch experience H15 is dispensable as there will always be another H property which is also applicable
 * Have used concentration levels of H3-H8, H10 and H11 to define a set of relevant parameters that include heavy metals, PAH, PCB, pesticides, cyanide, tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene for H14

Northern Ireland
 * Have two main sets of regulations which are specific to the region. The Hazard Waste Regulations 2005 and The List of Wastes Regulations 2005.

Slovenia
 * Has established limit values for sulphide (10,000mg/kg) and cyanide (1000mg/kg)
 * Classification of H15 considers not only leachate but also the total content of specific contaminants
 * Has established limit values for PAO, PCB, PCDD/PCDF, POX, hydrocarbons, BTEX, phenols and mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead

Spain
 * Has lower limits applied to sulphides and cyanides than those mentioned for Austria and Slovenia but on an unofficial basis

Sweden
 * H15 criterion not applied in general
 * Also considers ashes from waste incineration as possibly hazardous according to H14. The relevant waste types are: 19 01 11*, 19 01 13*, 19 01 15*

UK
 * The Environment Agency England and Wales, Scottish Environment Protection Agency and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency jointly published the Technical Guidance WM2 document to provide guidance on the assessment and classification of hazardous waste based on the revised Waste Framework Directive