User:Brackendale/Proper interval locality

Proper Interval Locality.

Proper Interval Locality is a system of mechanics that replaces the vector boson with zero proper arc length mediation of the interactions between charged quantum entities.

Proper interval locality identifies the relationship between relativity and quantum mechanics that eliminates the contradictions existing between the two theories.

The new mechanics modifies the principle of local causes such that “what happens at an event E1 can directly influence what happens at an event E2; E1 to being spatially remote from E2; provided the length of the proper interval along the arc separating the two events has zero magnitude.”

Two spatially separated events are said to be properly local if they are separated by a proper interval of zero length. The physical states at spatially separated events that have proper interval locality may directly mutually interact with each other.

Thus according to proper interval locality mechanics the physical world possesses two forms of locality: -

1.	Spatial locality; where what happens at one position in space responds directly only to conditions in its immediate vicinity; as in the principle of local causes. 2.	Proper Interval Locality; where what happens at one position responds to conditions at spatially remote positions that are connected to the former by zero arc length paths.

Additionally proper interval locality recognises the world possesses two classes of objects: -

1.	Bodies; these are large quantum ensemble whose group behaviour, makes it possible for them to be observed. They can be assigned a unique position in space relative to an inertial reference frame and assigned physical values such as momentum. The group behaviour of the ensemble forming bodies presents to the observer the qualities of locality and physical reality. (A body can be assigned both position and momentum.) Bodies include measuring devices; clocks, rods making the perceived structure of space-time dependent on the group behaviour of large quantum ensemble. Since the observer views the physical world from a recognised time and place he also must be classed as a body. It is appropriate for the general study of the motion of bodies to use spatially locality as the mediator of causation. 2.	Quantum entities: these cannot be observed and their existence can only be inferred from their apparent influence on the behaviour of bodies (detectors). The principle of proper interval locality precludes events relating to quantum entities possessing unique set of coordinates relative to our four dimensional grid systems. A quantum event is projected onto our reference grids as a light cone. The light cone emanating from a quantum event is known as the primary light cone. Each event on the primary light cone acts as a source for the radiation of secondary light cones and secondary light cones act as sources for tertiary cones and so on ad infinitum. Thus quantum entities behave as if events in their history occur over the whole of space-time; distributed as an infinite succession of light cones. The probability of detecting a quantum entity at a given point in its history will be distributed throughout the entirety of space-time with the highest likelihood of occurrence if the detector is close to the apex of the primary light cone associated with the quantum entity at that point in its history. Notes. 1.	The capacity for a quantum entity to interact with another entity is time dependent, this modifies the spatial probability distribution of detection and is fundamental to the development of the wave function relative to inertial reference frames.. 2.	The development of secondary light cones is necessary to explain the interference of light and matter. 3.	When a detector at a given point responds to the existence of a quantum entity this does not uniquely indicate the location of the quantum entity. The detection event occurs at the perceived position of the detector, the locality of the quantum entity remains distributed throughout space-time. 4.	Any two inertially referenced events in space-time are always connected by paths of zero interval arc length.

The benefits of proper interval mechanics.

The benefits of proper interval locality mechanics compared the idea that force is mediated by particles are: - 1.	The relationship between relativity is established. 2.	Because the vector bosons are eliminated the model of physical reality is simpler.(Infinitely Simpler?) 3.	The observations of the behaviour of light and matter that suggest their wave particle duality is fully predicted by proper interval locality mechanics. 4.	The model is self consistent since the contradictions between relativity and quantum mechanics are removed. 5.	 The interference of matter and light is explained without invoking a many worlds model of physical reality. 6.	Electromagnetism does not require the introduction of compacted higher dimensions. 7.	The violation of Bell’s inequality is predicted without compromising the relativistic mechanics of moving bodies. 8.	Proper interval locality can support quantum electrodynamics without violating the laws of conservation. The virtual photon being directly replaced by zero arc length mediation of the force between spatially remote entities. The energy forming the interacting field quanta of a charged entity being absorbed from remote quantum entities. 9.	Since proper interval locality does not demand the existence of vector bosons then the requirement for the Higg’s boson also seems redundant. The problem of mass is reduced to how the change in the motion of the quantum entities is gauged when interactions occur.

Comparison with other interpretations of quantum mechanics.

The other interpretations of quantum mechanics can be reinterpreted in terms of proper interval mechanics.

For instance the many worlds interpretation can be replaced with the super positioning of many times of our own world. The atemporal handshake in the transactional interpretation is explained by interacting quantum entities being in immediate contact with each other even though relative to our inertial reference frames they appear to affect observations that are spatially and temporally remote from each other. The existence of pilot wave in David Bohn’s mechanics is explained in proper interval locality by quantum events being projected over the whole of our four dimensional reference frames. The quantum entity must fill the entire universe and inherently contains the information about how it may interact.

The future development of proper interval mechanics.

The proposed mechanism for the creation of the electromagnetic field suggests that the universe is driven by a great electromagnetic cycle where charged entities are constantly absorbing energy to form the electromagnetic field quanta which immediately* interact with other charged entities that in turn scatter the energy back into the universe. This energy is reabsorbed by charged entities to form the next generation of field quanta. In this manner the electromagnetic field is perpetuated.

This suggests that the fundamental forces of nature may all be described as components of this cycle.


 * Relative to hypothetical observations along the path taken by the field quanta; relative to all other inertial reference frames quantum events radiate out as light cones and a false temporal delay is supposed as existing between the donation and absorption of quanta. It is this false sense of spatial and temporal separation between the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation that demands the idea that light is mediated by a particle! Note. The photoelectric effect and Compton scattering are equally well explained by proper interval locality.

[edit] See also

* Afshar experiment * Bell's theorem * Bohr-Einstein debates * EPR paradox * Interpretations: o Bohm o Consistent histories o Copenhagen o Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber theory o Many-minds o Many-worlds o Minority interpretations of quantum mechanics o Objective collapse theory o Penrose o Pondicherry o Transactional * Introduction to Quantum Mechanics * Local realism * Local hidden variable theory

* Measurement problem * Nonlocality * Objective collapse theory * Path integral formulation * Philosophical interpretation of classical physics * Philosophy of physics * Quantum: o computation o decoherence o entanglement o gravity o indeterminacy o mechanics o mysticism o Zeno effect * Relational quantum mechanics * Theory of incomplete measurements * Wave function collapse

[edit] Sources

* Bub, J. and Clifton, R. 1996. “A uniqueness theorem for interpretations of quantum mechanics,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 27B: 181-219 * Rudolf Carnap, 1939, "The interpretation of physics," in Foundations of Logic and Mathematics of the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. University of Chicago Press. * Dickson, M., 1994, "Wavefunction tails in the modal interpretation" in Hull, D., Forbes, M., and Burian, R., eds., Proceedings of the PSA 1" 366–76. East Lansing, Michigan: Philosophy of Science Association.   *, and Clifton, R., 1998, "Lorentz-invariance in modal interpretations" in Dieks, D. and Vermaas, P., eds., The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 9–48.    * A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen, 1935, "Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?" Phys. Rev. 47: 777.    * Fuchs, Christopher, 2002, "Quantum Mechanics as Quantum Information (and only a little more)."    *  and A. Peres, 2000, "Quantum theory needs no ‘interpretation’," Physics Today.    * Herbert, N., 1985. Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-23569-0.    * Hey, Anthony, and Walters, P., 2003. The New Quantum Universe, 2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 0-5215-6457-3. * Roman Jackiw and D. Kleppner, 2000, "One Hundred Years of Quantum Physics," Science 289(5481): 893. * Max Jammer, 1966. The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill. *, 1974. The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics. Wiley & Sons. * Al-Khalili, 2003. Quantum: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson. * de Muynck, W. M., 2002. Foundations of quantum mechanics, an empiricist approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-4020-0932-1 [7]. * Roland Omnès, 1999. Understanding Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press. * Karl Popper, 1963. Conjectures and Refutations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. The chapter "Three views Concerning Human Knowledge" addresses, among other things, instrumentalism in the physical sciences. * Hans Reichenbach, 1944. Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Univ. of California Press. * Carlo Rovelli, 1996, "Relational Quantum Mechanics," Int. J. of Theor. Phys. 35: 1637. Also arXiv: quant-ph/9609002. * Q. Zheng and T. Kobayashi, 1996, "Quantum Optics as a Relativistic Theory of Light," Physics Essays 9: 447. Annual Report, Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Tokyo (1992) 240. * Max Tegmark and J. A. Wheeler, 2001, "100 Years of Quantum Mysteries," Scientific American 284: 68. * Bas van Fraassen, 1972, "A formal approach to the philosophy of science," in R. Colodny, ed., Paradigms and Paradoxes: The Philosophical Challenge of the Quantum Domain. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press: 303-66. * John A. Wheeler and Wojciech Hubert Zurek (eds), Quantum Theory and Measurement, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-08316-9, LoC QC174.125.Q38 1983.

[edit] References

1. ^ Who believes in many-worlds? 2. ^ Quantum theory as a universal physical theory, by David Deutsch, International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol 24 #1 (1985) 3. ^ Three connections between Everett's interpretation and experiment Quantum Concepts of Space and Time, by David Deutsch, Oxford University Press (1986) 4. ^ La nouvelle cuisine, by John S. Bell, last article of Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, second edition. 5. ^ An experiment illustrating the ensemble interpretation 6. ^ Frigg, R. GRW theory 7. ^ Review of Penrose's Shadows of the Mind 8. ^ Why Bohm's Theory Solves the Measurement Problem by T. Maudlin, Philosophy of Science 62, pp. 479-483 (September, 1995). 9. ^ Bohmian Mechanics as the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics by D. Durr, N. Zanghi, and S. Goldstein in Bohmian Mechanics and Quantum Theory: An Appraisal, edited by J.T. Cushing, A. Fine, and S. Goldstein, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 184, 21-44 (Kluwer, 1996)1997 [1] 10. ^ Tsekov, R. (2009) Bohmian Mechanics versus Madelung Quantum Hydrodynamics 11. ^ Science Show - 18 February 2006 - The anthropic universe

Bibliographic guide to the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information [8] [edit] Further reading

Almost all authors below are professional physicists.

* David Z Albert, 1992. Quantum Mechanics and Experience. Harvard Univ. Press. ISBN 0674741129. * John S. Bell, 1987. Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0-521-36869-3. The 2004 edition (ISBN 0-521-52338-9) includes two additional papers and an introduction by Alain Aspect. * David Bohm, 1980. Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7100-0971-2. * David Deutsch, 1997. The Fabric of Reality. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 014027541X; ISBN 0713990619. Argues forcefully against instrumentalism. For general readers. * Bernard d'Espagnat, 1976. Conceptual Foundation of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed. Addison Wesley. ISBN 081334087X. *, 1983. In Search of Reality. Springer. ISBN 0387113991. *, 2003. Veiled Reality: An Analysis of Quantum Mechanical Concepts. Westview Press. *, 2006. On Physics and Philosophy. Princeton Univ. Press. * Arthur Fine, 1986. The Shaky Game: Einstein Realism and the Quantum Theory. Science and its Conceptual Foundations. Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226249484. * Ghirardi, Giancarlo, 2004. Sneaking a Look at God’s Cards. Princeton Univ. Press. * N. David Mermin (1990) Boojums all the way through. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 0521388805. * Roland Omnes, 1994. The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 0691036691. *, 1999. Understanding Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press. *, 1999. Quantum Philosophy: Understanding and Interpreting Contemporary Science. Princeton Univ. Press. * Roger Penrose, 1989. The Emperor's New Mind. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-198-51973-7. Especially chpt. 6.   *, 1994. Shadows of the Mind. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-19-853978-9. *, 2004. The Road to Reality. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Argues that quantum theory is incomplete.

[edit] External links Search Wikiversity 	Wikiversity has learning materials about Making sense of quantum mechanics

* Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: o "Bohmian mechanics" by Sheldon Goldstein. o "Collapse Theories." by Giancarlo Ghirardi. o "Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics" by Jan Faye. o "Everett's Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics" by Jeffrey Barrett. o "Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics" by Lev Vaidman. o "Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics" by Michael Dickson and Dennis Dieks. o "Quantum Entanglement and Information" by Jeffrey Bub. o "Quantum mechanics" by Jenann Ismael. o "Relational Quantum Mechanics" by Federico Laudisa and Carlo Rovelli. o "The Role of Decoherence in Quantum Mechanics" by Guido Bacciagaluppi. * Willem M. de Muynck, Broad overview of the realist vs. empiricist interpretations, against oversimplified view of the measurement process. * Schreiber, Z., "The Nine Lives of Schrodinger's Cat." Overview of competing interpretations. * Interpretations of quantum mechanics on arxiv.org. * The many worlds of quantum mechanics. * Erich Joos' Decoherence Website. * Quantum Mechanics for Philosophers. Argues for the superiority of the Bohm interpretation. * Hidden Variables in Quantum Theory: The Hidden Cultural Variables of their Rejection. * Numerous Many Worlds-related Topics and Articles. * Relational Approach to Quantum Physics. * Theory of incomplete measurements. Deriving quantum mechanics axioms from properties of acceptable measurements. * Alfred Neumaier's FAQ. * Measurement in Quantum Mechanics FAQ.

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