User:BrandZhao/sandbox

Immunology[edit]
(existing article)...

However, host immune system response and immune tolerance reduce the efficacy of AAV-mediated gene therapy. Host immune response has been shown to respond to the AAV vectors, the transduced cells, and the transduced proteins. The immune response can be subdivided into two categories: innate and adaptive, the latter of which is divided into humoral and cell-mediated.

Innate[edit]
In-vivo studies indicate that AAV vectors interact with the Toll-like receptor (TLR)9- and TLR2-MyD88 pathways to trigger the innate immune response by stimulating the production of interferons. It’s shown that mice deficient in TLR9 are more receptive to AAV treatment and demonstrate higher levels of transgene expression

Humoral[edit]
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Due to previous natural infection, many people have preexisting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against AAV’s, which can significantly hinder its application in gene therapy. Even though AAV’s are highly variable among wild-type and synthetic variants, antibody recognition sites may be conserved evolutionarily.

Cell-mediated[edit]
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