User:Breebellati/sandbox

Article Evaluation

 * Everything in the article seemed relevant to the article's topic, as everything pertained to digital literacy in some way.
 * It seems that the article is neutral--there are no sections that appear to be biased or pushing a certain viewpoint.
 * The global viewpoints on digital literacy seem underrepresented; there is little in this section.
 * A few links did not work, but the majority did. The sources seem to support the article's claims.
 * Not all facts appear to be cited, especially in the "Global Impact" section. However, the majority seem to be, and the sources appear to be reliable/unbiased.
 * Information could be added to the Global impact section as well as to the "socioeconomic factors" subheading under the "Digital Divide" heading. It seems that more could be elaborated on this subject, such as how socioeconomic factors contribute to the digital divide--not just that they do.
 * Some conversations on the talk page center around the definition of digital literacy: how to define it and distinguish it from other forms of literacy. There are also discussions about general set-up and organization of the page. Some editors questioned the amount of links that the article initially had; they claimed that it was an unnecessary amount that is distracting at times. Overall, the majority of the conversations seem to be about the intro and the ways in which digital literacy needs to be defined, with some users believing that the definition currently given on the page is unclear.
 * The article is rated C-Class and is a part of WikiProject Education, WikiProject Computing, and WikiProject Linguistics/Applied Linguistics.
 * The Wikipedia article discusses digital literacy in a way that is similar to how we have been addressing it in class.

Background:
According to King, the novel was partly inspired by his trip to a mechanic during "the spring of 1977." In a 2006 interview with The Paris Review, King describes how issues with his motorcycle led him to visit an auto shop on the northern outskirts of Bridgton, Maine. He claims that his motorcycle died when he arrived at the shop, and moments after, a Saint Bernard emerged from the garage, growling at him and eventually lunging for his hand. Although the mechanic stopped the dog from harming King by hitting the dog’s hindquarters with a wrench, King was still startled by the encounter. This incident, as well as a story published in a Portland, Maine newspaper about a young child that was killed by a Saint Bernard served as inspirations for the novel. King also owned a dysfunctional Ford Pinto at the time, which is the same car model that the novel’s protagonist, Donna Trenton, drives to the auto garage where she encounters the rabid Cujo.

Critical Reception:
Upon its initial release in 1981, the novel earned and maintained a high position on best seller lists in the United States. Some critics have criticized the novel, given its dismal ending. The original ending was later altered to feature a more optimistic conclusion in the 1983 film adaptation of the novel. Contemporary reviews of the novel have generally been positive; the novel has a 3.6/5 star rating on Goodreads (as of 2018), and a 4.2/5 star rating on Amazon (as of 2018).

Characters:

 * Cujo: A friendly Saint Bernard that becomes murderous after contracting rabies from a bat bite.
 * Donna Trenton: The wife of Vic Trenton. She becomes trapped in the car after arriving at the auto shop where the rabid Cujo lurks.
 * Vic Trenton: Donna’s husband. He is on a work-related trip when his wife and son encounter Cujo at the Camber auto shop.
 * Tad Trenton: The son of Donna and Vic. He becomes trapped in the car with Donna at the auto shop.
 * Joe Camber: The mechanic and owner of the auto shop where Donna and Tad encounter Cujo.
 * Charity Camber: The wife of Joe Camber. She and her son leave Cujo behind while on a trip to visit Charity’s sister.
 * Brett Camber: The son of Joe and Charity. Cujo is Brett’s dog.
 * Frank Dodd: A former Castle Rock policeman who was discovered to be the “Castle Rock strangler:” a serial killer traumatizing Castle Rock during the 1970s. Cujo makes many references to Dodd throughout the story.
 * George Bannerman: The current Castle Rock sheriff. He once worked with Dodd and ultimately discovered Dodd’s guilt in the Castle Rock murders. He is killed by Cujo in his attempt to save Donna and Tad.
 * Steve Kemp: The man Donna has an affair with. He breaks into and vandalizes Donna’s house after learning that she wants to end the affair.
 * Roger Breakstone: Vic’s friend and coworker. He accompanies Vic on his work-related trip.

Allusions and connections to other King novels:

 * There are allusions to Cujo in King’s other works, which often reference the Saint Bernard and refer generally to the incident of the summer of 1980 where the rabid dog killed four individuals in Castle Rock, Maine.


 * The characters of Frank Dodd and George Bannerman appear in both The Dead Zone and Cujo.
 * On the official Stephen King website, Cujo is listed as a character in numerous other novels including: Needful Things, The Dark Half, and Pet Sematary.

Finalizing Article Topic
I will be creating an article for Jean Childs Young, an educator, children's rights advocate and civil rights activist. I plan on first creating a section for her biography; I will give details about her early life, birth and death date, where she was born/raised, early education, etc. I also plan on creating dedicated sections for the many different facets of her life, such as education/her life as an educator, her dedication to children's rights, and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement (as well as her association with Martin Luther King). I will either add a list of the awards she has won in a template or in paragraph format.

Working Bibliography:

Online source ; Online article ; Book ; newspaper article ; website ; newspaper article

Jean Childs Young
Jean Childs Young was an educator and advocate for equal access to education in the United States. Young also dedicated much of her life to involvement in children's rights, and served as the American chairwoman of the United Nation's International Year of the Child in 1979. Young worked alongside her husband, Andrew Young, as an involved advocate in the Civil Rights Movement—specifically in the realm of voter rights and access to voter registration for African Americans.

Early Life
Jean Childs Young was born on July 1, 1933 in Marion, Alabama. Her father, Norman Lorenzo Childs, worked at a family-owned grocery store and bakery in Marion, sometimes traveling around Alabama to sell the store’s homemade peanut brittle during the Great Depression. Her mother, Idella Jones Childs, was an elementary school teacher. Young had four siblings. She spent her childhood and early adulthood in Marion, attending Lincoln Normal High School, and later attending Manchester College in Indiana, where she received her Bachelor’s degree in education in 1954. Young married Andrew Jackson Young that same year, a pastor whom would later become a pivotal advocate in the Civil Rights Movement alongside Martin Luther King, Jr. Jean and Andrew eventually had four children together.

Education
Young initially taught elementary school in Thomasville, Georgia. After moving with her husband to Hartford, Connecticut in the early 1950s so that he could earn a divinity degree from Hartford Seminary, she began teaching at Arsenal primary school. The couple later moved back to Georgia, where Jean taught at two elementary schools, Whitefoord and Slaton, in Atlanta. During her time teaching in Atlanta, Young became a coordinator of curriculum for elementary public schools in the area.

Young also participated in educational advocacy and programs beyond the scope of the classroom. Along with being a dedicated elementary school teacher, Young also participated in the Teacher Corps program: one of Lyndon B. Johnson’s  “Great Society” programs which served as a means of enhancing education in impoverished or low-income areas of the United States. In 1970, she wrote a parental guide titled “Bridging the Gap: Home and School” to encourage parents of students to incorporate education from the classroom into life at home as well. Young was involved in the the realm of higher education as well. She was one of the developers of Atlanta Metropolitan State College, and served there as a public relations officer as well as an advisor for a number of years after the school’s establishment.

While her husband held office as the Mayor of Atlanta, Jean continued to advocate for improved education, and took action through the resources available to her as first lady of Atlanta. In 1981, she founded the Atlanta Task Force on Public Education (also known as the Mayor’s Task Force on Public Education) and served on the committee for a number of years. With the help of Young, this education task force greatly increased the funding given to elementary schools in Atlanta for a period of time. Young eventually extended her educational expertise to the digital realm as well, working with the technology company IBM to create “The Illuminated Books and Manuscripts.” This is a resource for analyzing texts digitally that is meant to be used as part of educational curriculum.

Marriage and Children
Jean Childs Young met Andrew Young in the summer of 1952. Andrew Young had come to Marion, Alabama to be a pastor for a small church in the area. Upon his arrival, he had no place to stay, and was assigned to lodge at the Childs’ house for a week. Jean Childs met Andrew during his stay at her house, and the two developed a relationship over the course of that summer. In the fall, Jean returned to Manchester College, where she was working towards a Bachelor’s degree in education, and the two kept in touch via letters. Andrew would occasionally visit Jean at Manchester, as he did when she became the first African American to become "May Queen" of Manchester College in 1952. Young proposed to Childs in December of 1953, and the two were married in Marion, Alabama on June 7, 1954. Their first child, Andrea was born on August 3, 1955. The couple ultimately had four children in total together: three girls— Andrea, Paula Jean, and Lisa— and a boy named Andrew Jackson “Bo” Ill.

Involvement in The Civil Rights Movement
Jean, alongside her husband, Andrew, contributed much of her life to the Civil Rights Movement. Both Jean and Andrew felt that their participation in the movement was consistent with their beliefs and values as those involved in ministry. Andrew was specifically influenced by the nonviolent resistance taught by Gandhi, and Jean had also been influenced by similar nonviolent and pacifist beliefs while studying at Manchester College. Her background in education— specifically in regards to creating curriculum for public schools— carried over to her work in Civil Rights, as she created curriculum for “the Citizenship Schools of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.” She also aided her husband in his attempt to secure voters rights for African Americans, including during the Thomasville rallies. In 1956, the couple worked to organize a voter registration rally in Thomasville, Georgia— one of their first involvements in the Civil Rights movement. They were inspired by the Brown vs. Board of Education ruling that outlawed segregation, and felt that they could make a substantial impact through such rallies. Despite initially meeting resistance from the Ku Klux Klan, the 1965 voter registration rally was successfully carried out at a local high school in Thomasville.

The couple later moved to New York City, which hindered their direct involvement in the movement for some time. Yet when Jean and Andrew witnessed the Nashville Sit-Ins of 1960, they felt compelled to return to the South, moving back to Atlanta and becoming more involved in the movement than ever. Both Jean and Andrew believed in the power of the youth to create change, and were inspired by the Sit-Ins partly because of the high youth involvement in the boycotts, protests, and marches in Nashville. Upon their return to the south, Andrew began his work alongside Martin Luther King, Jr. Although he initially denied Martin’s request that he work for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Andrew joined a few years later, in 1964. Jean had gone to the same high school as Dr. King’s wife, Coretta Scott King, and the two later became good friends as their husbands continued their work in the movement together. According to Young, the work that he and Martin did would not have been possible if it weren’t for the support of the women they married.

Moreover, Jean also participated in some of the most famous marches of the Civil Rights Movement, including the march in Alabama from Selma to Montgomery which began on March 21, 1965. Jean decided, in spite of her husband’s initial concerns, to attend the march and bring her two daughters, Andrea and Lisa, with her. The famous march drew mass media attention and contributed to establishing the Voting Rights Act later that year— a cause that Jean and her husband had been working towards for so long.

Along with actively participating in marches and other protests, Jean and her husband often opened their home to students and others participating in the movement that needed a place to stay in Atlanta; people often slept in the basement or wherever else there was space in their house on a given night. In this sense, Jean and Andrew were deeply involved in the movement, either through active participation or though enabling others to participate as well. Both Jean and Andrew expressed the sentiment that neither overshadowed the other person, and that Jean worked alongside her husband, rather than behind him. Not only was she his support, but she was his partner in the work he did as well. Jean also resisted segregation in her personal life, and through the realm of education. Alongside Coretta Scott King, she attempted to enroll her daughters in schools that had not yet been desegregated. Her two daughters, Andrea and Lisa, were among the first wave of black children to attend newly desegregated private schools in Atlanta.

Child’s Rights Advocacy
Jean was actively involved in promoting children’s rights, and served on the committee for numerous national organizations, as well as organizations specific to Atlanta, that worked towards securing rights for children and ensuring the flourishing of children both in America and across the world. Some of these organizations that Jean worked for included the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and Children’s Defense Fund.

International Year of the Child
In 1978, Young was appointed as chair of the American committee of the UN International Year of the Child by President Jimmy Carter. The International Year of the Child was a program that was funded and supported by the United Nations, and was meant to secure rights and improve the quality of life for children worldwide. Many countries participated in the program internationally. The program came about as a response to the concern that “far too many children, especially in developing countries are undernourished, are without access to adequate health services, are missing the basic educational preparation for their future and are deprived of the elementary amenities of life.” Jimmy Carter claimed to have appointed Jean due to her wide expertise in child’s rights advocacy and her background in education.

The International Year of the Child had two main objectives that they hoped to accomplish within that year. The first goal of the International Year of the Child was to bring international awareness to the particular needs of children and the necessity of taking these needs into consideration during government decision and policy making. Bringing the needs of children into public awareness was the first step in ensuring that children’s needs are being considered and recognized by nations and their governments across the world. The second goal was to encourage international acknowledgement of the importance of children's organizations, and to promote the idea that such organizations “should be an integral part of economic and social development plans with a view to achieving...sustained activities for the benefit of the children at the national and international levels.”

Honors and Awards
Though not as widely recognized as her husband, Jean has received numerous awards and honors for the work she has done in advocating for the rights of children, women, and African Americans. In 1989, Young was awarded the NAACP Distinguished Leadership Award for her work. She later received the Y.W.C.A. Women of Achievement Award in 1993—a year before her death. A middle school— the Jean Childs Young Middle School in Atlanta— was later given the namesake in her honor. Young also received a number of honorary doctorates from Chicago’s Loyola University, Manchester College, and New York City College of Technology (the technology college of the City University of New York). Young served on the committee of Georgia Women of Achievement: an organization that honors women who were born in and/or resided in Georgia for their achievements and contributions to the state. Young was named their honorary trustee, and was later honored by the state organization in 1983 when she was named their Georgia Democratic Woman of the Year.

Campaigns and Involvement in Government
Young was also actively involved in government, and ran campaigns geared towards those underrepresented in politics. In 1970, Young founded “Women for Andrew Young:” a campaign aimed at women that promised her husband’s support of women’s issues should he win the position of mayor of Atlanta. Along with her direct involvement in government during her husband’s tenure as mayor, Jean actively participated in organizations such as the League of Women Voters of Georgia, which promoted the women's involvement in voting and the political system in general. Beyond this, the League advocated for fair government in Georgia that promoted equality. The League also had connections to education, as it advocated for equal opportunities and access to equal education for all students. This was a cause that Jean had dedicated much effort towards in her lifetime.

Death and Afterward
Jean Childs Young was diagnosed with liver cancer in 1991. She later died from the disease at the age of 61 on September 16, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia. A celebration of life in her honor was held at the Atlanta Civic Center, attended by thousands of friends, family and admirers. The many tributes to Young at the funeral included a poem read by Maya Angelou, a eulogy spoken by Coretta Scott King, and a personal note from President Bill Clinton. Young had written a memoir titled “What to Remember About Me” that was published postmortem on September 20, 1994.