User:Brewcrewer/Nokmim

http://books.google.com/books?id=HYOUnwFEHd8C&pg=PA210&dq=%22nakam%22&hl=en&ei=tSi7TOPtGML78Aam2cDGDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22nakam%22&f=false

The Nokmim (or HaNokmim), also known by its English translation: the Avengers, were the names of groups of Jews who murdered Nazis after The Holocaust.

Background
After the Holocaust, the Allies considered more then 13 million people eligible to be charged as criminals because of their complicity with the Nazi regime. 12 million did not face any ramifications. One million were given minor punishments, like a a temporary ban on seeking public office, confiscation of looted property, and fines. A few judicial hearings were undertaken for the most egregious Nazis. Most notably, the Nuremberg Trials, resulted in the punishment of twenty four Nazis.

One group consisted of soldiers from the Jewish Brigade and Holocaust survivors, and were led by Shimon Avidan, Israel Carmi, Chaim Laskov, and Meir Zorea. They secretly searched for Nazis in Germany, Austria, and Italy. This group used equipment from the British military, including uniforms and vehicles. They disbanded after around six months.

Another group was led by Abba Kovner and consisted of Jewish Brigade members, former partisians, those who participated in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, and other Holocaust survivors. This group was established in Bucharest in the Spring of 1945. One member was Joseph Harmatz, who later wrote of a memoir of their activities entitled, From the Wings. This group carried out assissinations into the 1950's and in various locations, including, Latin America, Canada, and Spain.

http://books.google.com/books?id=lrLGaUvJfykC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=nokmim&source=bl&ots=3EZ9dOIzAJ&sig=qZu_NO79OME5V05P-b4ELuWZmRk&hl=en&ei=gMleTJSTEoP6lwepu_GZCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CCoQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=nokmim&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=FkyMsycbemEC&pg=PA188&dq=nokmim&hl=en&ei=Ts1eTNDNKcTflgekva2aCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=nokmim&f=false

(six months)
 * Israel Carmi

http://books.google.com/books?id=19ZMulluIgkC&pg=PA91&dq=nokmim&hl=en&ei=Ts1eTNDNKcTflgekva2aCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=nokmim&f=false


 * groups