User:Brinabina/Sandbox


 * This article is about the author.
 * For the Virginia and West Virginia congressman, see Charles J. Faulkner.:For his namesake son, see Charles James Faulkner.
 * For the English architect, see Charles Faulkner (architect).

Charles Faulkner, (born 12 January 1952), is an American resident of England who is a master NLP (Neuro-linguistic Programming) practitioner and trainer, life coach, motivational speaker, trader and author. Faulkner began his career studying linguistics at Northwestern University while counseling at a crisis center. Having discovered NLP, a method he surmised to be a more advanced way of changing human behavior, he abandoned his course of study and became a licensed NLP practitioner.

Most notably, Faulkner developed Neuro-linguistic Programming methods of modeling excellence in the world of finance. He has authored a number of books and audio tapes, of which the most well-known audio is "NLP: The New Technology of Achivement." Faulkner is profiled in the book The New Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager.

Biography
Charles Faulkner was born in St. Clair Shores, Michigan, a small Detroit suburb. In the early years of his life, his father was an executive in the advertising industry, but then changed careers fifteen years later to become a high school and university professor.

Faulkner pursued his graduate studies at Northwestern University, majoring in English and experimental psychology and minoring in intellectual history and linguistics. Studying under the auspices of John Robert Ross, from MIT, Faulkner was part of an independent research team dedicated to exploring the relationship between language and beliefs. The research was based on "transformational grammar," a concept originally formulated by Noam Chomsky. The team's findings suggested that human beings are capable of creating tangible life changes by simply restructuring their beliefs.

However, in 1981, Faulkner discovered a book about Neuro-linguistic Programming called The Structure of Magic I: A Book About Language and Therapy, by Richard Bandler and John Grinder. The methodology described in the book described ways of affecting immediate and positive life changes by reprogramming speech, movement and thought patterns. That moment was a major turning point for Faulkner, as he understood that "if you could get to the root of the crucial relationship between language and beliefs, then you could change everything." Upon the realization that Bandler and Grinder were developing innovations in areas where Northwestern had not yet "cracked the code," Faulkner decided to fore go the pursuit of his degree and, instead, dove headfirst into NLP training. By 1987, he was a certified NLP trainer. Today, Faulkner describes Grinder and Bandler as having been at least 10 years ahead of their time.

Eventually, Faulkner found his niche within NLP when he began developing decision-making strategy models based on the thought-patterns and behaviors of highly successful people. He mapped strategies for physicians, international negotiators and accelerated learners. He began to take a particular interest in studying the behavior of top traders in 1987 when a bond trader asked him if NLP could be used in the stock market. In 1990 after years of observing the decision-making strategies of successful traders such as Richard Dennis, Pete Steidlmayer, Jim Rogers, Paul Tudor Jones and Tom Baldwin, Faulkner decided to become a trader, himself. His first trade in 1992 was a failure; however, he did succeed in closing the year at a profit. Within three years, Faulkner's trading skills had improved enough that, author, Jack D. Schwager included his profile in The New Market Wizards: Conversations with America's Top Traders.

In the late 1990's, Faulkner decided to live in England, where he felt the economy would be more stable. He, along with other NLP trainers, has modeled successful strategies for overcoming challenges in a wide range of industries including rehabilitation, finance, medicine, sports, and bereavement, as well as others. As of 2008, Faulkner is a resident of Kingston-Upon-Thames, UK, where he serves as Director of Programs for NLP Comprehensive and as Visiting Senior Fellow to the University of Surrey School of Management.

Education
Charles holds degrees in English and Experimental Psychology. Faulkner has studied personally with professors Joseph Campbell and Jorge Luis Borges and he is extensively trained in Ericksonian Hypnosis (developed by Dr. Milton H. Erickson, M.D), as well as cognitive-linguistic approaches such as General Systems Thinking and Brief Therapy. In 1987 and 1988, Faulkner received two NLP Trainer Certifications through Connirae & Steve Andreas and Richard Bandler & Associates, respectively.

Achievements
After training with all of NLP's co-founders, Charles Faulker achieved mastery of Neuro-linguistic Programming. By blending his expertise in Ericksonian hypnosis (the foundation for NLP) with a wide array of cognitive-linguistic disciplines, as well as the Rogerian approach and Gestalt therapy, Charles Faulkner developed a unique system of modeling which he subsequently contributed to the field of NLP. In particular, Faulkner applies his modeling expertise to develop success strategies, taught internationally.

Charles Faulkner has given instruction at most of the major NLP training institutes, in both the Practitioner and Master Practitioner programs. In the mid-to-late 80's, Faulkner was involved in learning and mapping NLP's early models such as Sub-modalities, Belief change, Sleight-of-mouth, and the Imperative Self. In 1986 and 1987, he was editor of The NLP Connection, the journal for the National Association of NLP. During the two years that followed, he served as Executive Director of NLP Comprehensive.

As of 2008, he has authored and co-authored 10 books (see Published works), one of which is entitled NLP: The New Technology of Achievement, the number one selling NLP book on Amazon.com.

Early NLP Models
Faulkner's numerous contributions to the field of NLP began in 1984 with his modeling of Accelerated Learning, to pioneer more efficient and effective learning strategies. He taught this model together with NLP, to a group of teachers in Japan that same year. The result of this work was the founding of Learning How to Learn. Upon returning to the U.S. in 1985, he modeled the Metaphors of Identity This model states that an individual's strategies and behavior patterns are informed by deeply structured metaphors for life, self, desired outcomes and challenges. By adopting new metaphors, an individual can create new pathways to transformation.

The academic research of cognitive linguists George Lakoff and Mark Johnson and Faulkner's experience with Metaphors support his hypothesis that cognitive processes are mostly metaphoric, and unconscious. Hence, conscious desires with functional qualities have parallel metaphors that sustain them. Twenty years later, Faulkner would write about this phenomenon in a two-part article entitled "Outcomes, Decisions & 'Levels' of Meaning." In the years that followed, Faulkner continued to develop additional models, such as Physician Decision Strategies in 1986, Futures Trading in 1987, and finally System Structure (a simultaneous strategies model) in 1990.

An Expert Modeler
In the 1990's, Faulkner honed his expertise as a modeler. He completed Perpetual Cybernetics™, which differentiated the seven "worlds of subjective experience" that NLP uses as a basis for its presuppositions and techniques. In 1993, together with golf pro Mark Staples, he co-founded E.P.I.C Golf by modeling the internal and external behavior patterns of outstanding golfers. Later that same year, Faulkner co-authored and starred in the video NLP in Action and in 1994 he co-authored a book with Robert McDonald, entitled Success Mastery with NLP, based on his work modeling 'flow states' and the behavior of exceptional achievers. He continued to develop Perpetual Cybernetics™ in conjunction with his Living Myths & Metaphors™ work to arrive at one, single, unified model: the Metaphors of Perception. This work subsequently spawned several more models, including: Worlds Within a Word™, Rhythms of Time™ (1995), and Meta-Patterns (1996).

In 2003, Faulkner co-authored with Steve Andreas to write NLP: The New Technology of Achievement. In the book, they write, “Lengthy struggle without success is a sign that what we’re doing isn’t working. It’s time to do something else, anything else. It’s time to realize that pain, struggle, suffering and waiting are signs that it’s time for another approach…." The following year, he attended the 2004 nlp conference and Festival at the University of Bristol, England.  There Faulkner presented "Awakening to the Social - An Introduction to Irresistable Influence."  The following year he presented "Expository Cartography," an introduction to advanced mind mapping techniques that could be used to disengage habitual biases and systematically enrich any model including the more complex ones such as the four-quadrant model of Ken Wilber.  In 2006 at the nlp Conference in London, he presented "Training is for Dogs and Horses," a bold challenge to the limiting approach in which NLP had previously been taught.  In September, 2007 Faulkner lectured at the London School of Economics to The Society for Organisational Learning(SOL-UK).

http://www.ppdlearning.co.uk/resources/interviews/faulkner-metaprog

Applications in Stock Trading
Faulkner became a futures trader in the early 90's as a way to apply his NLP-based models for peak performance. He encouraged fellow traders who were breaking into the industry to use positive statements when journaling. Otherwise, a trader may wind up unconsciously setting in negative trading patterns. He said in a Futures Magazine article, "When you recall something, you reinforce it." He is interviewed at length about his studies of futures traders in numerous books including: Jack Schwager The New Market Wizards (1992); Robert Koppel & Howard Abell, The Outer Game of Trading (1994); Robert Koppel, The Intuitive Trader (1996); and Trend Following (2004). Three years later, Faulkner contributed a forward to the paperback edition of Covel's Trend Following.

The Intuitive Trader
In Chapter Five of The Intuitive Trader, by Robert Koppel, Charles Faulkner shares his insights on how to develop the intuition needed to be a successful trader. He defines intuition as “getting a solution and not knowing how you got there” and “an insight into something that's a result from your experience with it.” In other words, developed through expertise, intuition can be rephrased as an “educated inference." Faulkner identifies four barriers to identifying and trusting a true intuitive impulse: lack of awareness in the subtleties of emotions, including those caused by uncertainty; self-imposed limitations of trying to predict market moves; acting on mistaken intuitions, or “cognitive illusions;” and finally, being driven by fear or greed. On the other hand, a successful intuitive trader has built his confidence as a result of a developed awareness of “subtle inner signals.” Bandler and Grinder—the founders of NLP—discovered  early on that these inner signals consist of  thoughts that are primarily sensory in nature.  In fact, all thoughts—conscious and subconscious—arise as unique combinations of an individual's five senses. Conscious thinking will utilize a person's more developed senses; meanwhile, intuitive thought uses a person's least developed senses.

Faulkner recommends that a new trader keep a dated journal of thoughts, feelings, ideas and insights related to the market. In time, the trader will notice certain patterns of how, when and where he receives intuitions. Moreover, a trader can see what happens when he follows an intuition, and—interestingly enough—what happens when he purposely makes a decision that goes counter to his intuition. Over time, having a passion for trading and diligently recording experiences will help a trader develop the awareness needed to trust those intuitive “leaps.” However, succeeding at trading is not without its requisite legwork which, according to Faulkner, lies in five key areas: market indicators, trading strategies and money management, emotional management, successful and supportive belief systems, and a winning “metaphoric mindset.”  Finally, Koppel quotes The Outer Game of Trading, in which Faulkner briefly explores the dynamics of confidence and fear.

Stocks, Futures and Options Magazine
In April 2005, Charles Faulkner contributed to SFO magazine an article entitled, “Inside the Counterintuitive World of Trend Followers: It's Not What You Think. It's What You Know.” In this article, Faulkner examines a “trend-following philosophy” which he constructed after having observed the language patterns and behaviors of several top traders.

The counterintuitive strategy of trend followers is highlighted by seven general principles:

1. No one can predict the future; 2. If you can look at "what actually is," you have a big advantage over most human beings; 3. What matters can be measured, so keep refining your measurements; 4. You don’t need to know when something will happen to know that it will; 5. Prices can only move up, down or sideways; 6. Losses are a part of life; and 7. There is only now.

Faulkner illustrates each principle by referring to the strategic mindsets of top traders such as John W. Henry,  Bill Dunn, Ed Seykota, Jerry Parker, Richard Dennis, and Gerald Loeb.

Mastering High Risk Decision Making
In Charles Faulkner's DVD, Mastering High Risk Decision Making, he presents how NLP techniques can be applied to decision making strategies within the world of trading. He examines the key traits to success shared by top traders. Specifically, successful traders know how to: separate understanding from action, attach to actions in lieu of emotions, prioritize risk management, and excel at being disciplined. Also, Faulkner shares NLP techniques that cultivate discipline, perfect goal-formulating and  create a “decisive mind.

Critical Responses
Faulkner, himself, has not received widespread criticism for his work. However, NLP as a legitimate therapy has been criticized by the mainstream, academic and scientific community. The skepticism stems, in part, from the fact that NLP is largely based on cognitive linguistics which emerged from later work on generative semantics--the "losing" side of the heavily debated "Linguistics Wars" in academic circles of the 1960's and 1970's. Furthermore, this credibility debate is compounded by the previous lack of empirical research supporting NLP's effectiveness.

Linguistics Wars
"Linguistic Wars" arose from the falling out of Noam Chomsky's early students who decided to focus on Chomsky's concept of conceptual deep structure as having a central role in the way the mind assigns meaning to specific language structures. This group of students which included John Robert Ross (Faulker's professor at Northwestern), developed a school of thought--known as generative semantics--which stood in direct opposition to Chomsky's interpretive semantics school of thought.

Eventually, generative semantics spawned an alternative linguistic paradigm, known as cognitive linguistics, which attempts to correlate the understanding of language together with the biological function of specific neural structures. Whereas generative semanticists function on the premise that the mind has a unique and independent module for language acquisition, cognitive linguists deny this. Instead, they assert that the processing of linguistic phenomena is informed by conceptual deep structures,--and more significantly--that the cognitive abilities used to process this data are similar to those used in other non-linguistic tasks. Much of this work is published today under neurolinguistics.

Drawing upon cognitive linguists, NLP views meaning in terms of mental spaces filled with conceptualizations and subconscious metaphors. Furthermore, there is a mutual interplay of influence between language and cognition within the mind, as well as in the environment of the individual.

Credibility Debate
NLP is listed in the Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience and in the Skeptic's Dictionary, by Robert Todd Carroll. Faulkner, himself, recognizes the need for NLP to establish some common ground with the more scientific disciplines and scholarly institutions. In a recent interview, he was quoted as saying:

“If you want academic credibility, if you want respect from the established entities, whether they are psychological or medical or whatever, well, you have to play their game. If game sounds too flippant, then you have to meet their values. Have to meet their standards of evidence.”

Indeed, for over ten years, members of the worldwide NLP practitioner community has made efforts to present research that supports the usefulness of NLP-related techniques. As early as 1985 Einspruch and Forman, professionals in the fields of counseling and psychology, commented in their review of NLP research “Many skilled NLP Practitioners have a wealth of clinical data indicating that this model is highly effective. Clearly these Practitioners would provide a service to the field by presenting their data in the literature so they may be critically evaluated.”

Some of the earliest findings in support of NLP were those published in 1997 by Richard Bolstead, author and NLP trainer from New Zealand. There were additional studies conducted in Europe during the same time. Hanne Lund, an NLP practitioner involved in one of those studies, found that asthma patients who underwent NLP improved up to four times more than those who did not. She concluded, “We consider the principles of this integrated work valuable in treatment of patients with any disease, and the next step will be to train medical staff in this model.” However, those in today's academic circles do not lend credibility to such questionably-conducted studies that are more than a decade old. Dr. Paul Tosey of Surrey University in the UK commented in 2005, "The academic research into NLP is pretty thin and the empirical studies which have been done have various limitations."

In recent years, Top NLP training centers have attempted to bridge the gap between NLP and traditionally mainstream disciplines of psychology and medicine. NLP co-founder John Grinder heads Inspiritive, based in Australia, where he has a research database of over 190 academic research papers and book excerpts that explore studies and reports on NLP models and their uses. NLP Co-founder Dr. Richard Bandler, now president of The Society of Medical NLP based in the UK, states as its aim: “To expand and enhance the quality and effectiveness of communication between healthcare professionals and their patients and clients, to demonstrate the validity of advanced NLP-based treatment protocols to all specialisations, and to provide training and support at the highest possible level.

Charles Faulkner is a visiting Senior Fellow at the University of Surrey in the UK for its project entitled “Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Learning,” launched in June 2006. This research is perhaps most notable due to the scholarship involved. It is one of the first funded NLP research projects to be conducted by a university, and it is led by Dr. Paul Tosey and Dr. Jane Mathison, the latter of whom was one of the first people ever to earn a PhD in neurolinguistic programming. Furthermore, On November 24, 2007 Faulkner presented neuroscience research at the NLP Conference in London. The session was entitled “Metapatterns: The Biological Basis for How NLP Works.”  He raised  questions, such as: “How does NLP work?” “Is there scientific evidence for its effectiveness?”  and then revealed a biological basis for all NLP models.